Respiratory burst activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) blood phagocytes differs markedly from that of rainbow trout

Neutrophils and B-cells in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

“…This corresponds to the ratio between Igþ cells and neutrophils observed in the present study and to the ratio generally observed in Atlantic salmon [35e37,39]. A recent study [31] showed that the respiratory burst activity in cod blood was at least twice that of trout, and this corresponds well with our findings of high numbers of neutrophils in PBL. The kidney is considered the major granulopoietic organ in teleosts and the spleen might play a minor role.…”

“…Isolation of macrophages from the HK of cod has been performed and respiratory burst has been observed in response to immunostimulants, but the activities were reported to be lower than in other fish species [30]. On the other hand, Nikoskelainen et al [31] showed that the respiratory burst activity in cod blood was at least twice that of trout. No co-localisation of antigen-containing and antibody-producing cells has been observed in either HK or spleen in cod, though some degree of organisation of antigen uptake and plasma cells has been observed in the spleen [20].…”

Time-course study of injection site inflammatory reactions following intraperitoneal injection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) with oil-adjuvanted vaccines

“…Atlantic cod has a strong innate immune response capable of rapidly degrading and removing antigens from the injection site. This strength probably lies at least in part, in capacity of inflammatory cells to take up and remove antigens as demonstrated by others [18].…”

“…Furthermore, the estimated size and organization of gene segments and the expression and organization of IG gene repertoire are also different [17]. However, little is known about the inflammatory response following vaccination besides one article [18] whose focus was on the phagocytic capacity of head kidney macrophages. Inflammation plays an instructive role to the adaptive immune response [19,20].…”

The acute phase response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): Humoral and cellular response

“…Innate humoral and cellular parameters are probably important in cod's immune defence and there are indications that cod's phagocytes play a principal role in defence against infectious diseases. The respiratory burst activity of cod's leukocytes is relatively high [6] and granuloma formation is a characteristic feature of cod's cellular response to bacterial infection. Within 2e3 weeks from infection the pathogen has been encapsulated by macrophages and epithelioid cells with a thin enclosing rim of fibroblast cells [7,8].…”