Respiratory effects of intravenous lobeline in normal subjects and in patients with mitral stenosis.

Bruderman, I; Stern, Shlomo; Braun, Karl

doi:10.1136/hrt.28.6.740

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These authors postulated that the bronchoconstriction was due to increased vagal tone, which was also supported by the occurrence of bradycardia. Lobeline has also been reported to induce increases in airway resistance in healthy normal human subjects and in patients with mitral stenosis (Bruderman et al 1966). In contrast, bronchodilation has been shown to occur in the guinea pig (De Armuo Valenzuela and A g u i r r e Miqueo 1953), dog (Dautrebande et al 1948;Daly and Schweitzer 1951) and cat (Daly and Schweitzer 1951) following administration of lobeline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory responses of mature horses to intravenous lobeline bolus

Marlin

Roberts

Schroter

et al. 2000

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The respiratory stimulant lobeline has been used in equine clinical practice to increase inspiratory and expiratory airflow rates at rest in orderto facilitate investigation of both lower and upper airway function. Some of the responses to lobeline in the pony have been reported, but the detailed time course, effect of dose, possible side effects and reproducibility associated with lobeline administration have not been described in the horse. Respiratory airflow rates and oesophageal pressure were measured with a Fleisch No. 5 pneumotachometer and lightweight facemask and a microtip pressure transducer catheter, respectively. The output of the Fleisch pneumotachometer was calibrated for flow rates up to ± 70 l/s. Seven mature horses with no clinical signs of respiratory disease were studied. Investigations were conducted to determine: (1) the responses to different doses of lobeline (0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 mg/kg bwt) as a rapid i.v. bolus (6 horses); (2) arterial blood gases during and after lobeline administration (0.20 mg/kg bwt; 3 horses); and (3) the reproducibility of lobeline‐stimulated hyperpnoea (5 horses; 2 doses of 0.20 mg/kg bwt lobeline, 15 min apart). All horses tolerated the lobeline‐stimulated hyperpnoea well, although one always coughed or snorted at the onset. Mild tremor was noted following the highest dose in several horses. Apnoea of approximately 40 s was common after the hyperpnoea. Both tidal volume (VT) and frequency (fR) increased with lobeline dose. During peak hyperpnoea at a dose of 0.30 mg/kg bwt, peak inspired flow rate (PIF), peak expired flow rate (PEF) and minute ventilation (VE) were mean ± s.e. 41 ± 5 l/s, 61 ± 10 l/s and 920 ± 99 l/min, respectively. The hyperpnoea also caused marked changes in arterial PaO2, PaCO2 and pHa at 90 s after lobeline (0.20 mg/kg bwt) administration (mean ± s.e. 146.0 ± 6.9 mmHg, 20.6 ± 0.8 mmHg and 7.707 ± 0.020, respectively) compared to at rest (mean ± s.e. 104.0 ± 4.0 mmHg, 50.6 ± 2.8 mmHg and 7.432 ± 0.012). Dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) was unaltered by lobeline administration. The lobeline‐induced hyperpnoea was highly reproducible, with no significant difference in any of the parameters during 2 stimulations 15 min apart. Lobeline induced highly reproducible responses without any apparent adverse effects and may be useful in the investigation of pulmonary function in healthy horses and those with airway disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory responses of mature horses to intravenous lobeline bolus

Marlin

Roberts

Schroter

et al. 2000

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lobeline was commonly used in patients to assess circulation time on the basis of the time it took for subjects to experience cough and hyperventilation after injection (Robb & Weiss, 1934;Berliner, 1940;Bevan & Murray, 1963;Stern et al 1966). The receptors which caused the cough in humans were first believed to be in the systemic circulation but were later localised to an area supplied by the pulmonary circulation (Eckenhoff & Comroe, 1951;Bruderman et al 1966;Stern et al 1966; see also Dawes et al 1951). Injections of lobeline into the left chambers of the heart in humans do not cause cough but can cause hyperventilation, whereas injections into the descending aorta cause no changes in ventilation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in respiratory sensations induced by lobeline after human bilateral lung transplantation

Butler

Anand

Crawford

et al. 2001

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sensations evoked by the injection of lobeline into the right antecubital vein were studied in 8 subjects after bilateral lung transplantation and 10 control subjects. In control subjects, two distinct sensations were experienced. There was an early noxious sensation (onset ≈10 s) followed by a late sensation of breathlessness (onset ≈26 s) associated with involuntary hyperventilation. The early sensation was accompanied by respiratory and cardiovascular changes. In contrast to control subjects, the early respiratory events and the noxious sensations evoked by injections of lobeline (18‐60 μg kg−1) did not occur in subjects with recent bilateral lung transplantation. This suggests that the early respiratory sensations are mediated by the discharge of receptors in the lungs. The late hyperventilation and the accompanying sensation of breathlessness occurred in both transplant and control subjects and are therefore likely to be mediated by receptors elsewhere in the body, presumably systemic arterial chemoreceptors stimulated by lobeline. In control subjects, but not transplant subjects, there was a consistent decrease in mean arterial pressure associated with the lobeline injection. This suggests that pulmonary afferents mediate the hypotension. For transplant subjects studied more than a year after transplantation, there was some evidence that the noxious respiratory sensations evoked by lobeline had returned. This suggests that some functional reinnervation of pulmonary afferents may occur.

show abstract

“…Patients with chronic activation of pulmonary C fibres may become habituated to the evoked sensations. In patients with mitral stenosis, cough responses to lobeline are attenuated (Bruderman et al 1966; Stern et al 1966). It is possible that with decreased arousal from the sensations, inhibition of motoneurones may be unmasked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of viscerosomatic inhibition with injections of lobeline designed to activate human pulmonary C fibres

Gandevia

Butler

Taylor

et al. 1998

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activation of pulmonary C fibres (J receptors) in animals produces inhibition of spinal motoneurones. Intravenous bolus injections of lobeline are believed to activate pulmonary C fibres (J receptors) in human subjects and to produce characteristic sensations and cardiorespiratory responses. This study quantified the respiratory sensations evoked by such injections and then used a range of suprathreshold doses of lobeline and tested for the presence of reflex or descending inhibition of motoneuronal output. Injections of lobeline produced dose‐dependent sensations of respiratory discomfort referred to the throat and upper chest beginning within about 10 s and often associated with coughing. As the dose increased the latency for the sensations decreased while their duration and intensity increased. Reflex changes in blood pressure, heart rate and ventilation also occurred. Injections of lobeline at doses sufficient to evoke respiratory discomfort lasting 25‐32 s (37‐73 μg kg−1) increased the size of the H reflex in soleus with an onset latency of about 10 s and lasting about 20 s. The size of EMG responses evoked in upper limb muscles by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex increased shortly after injections and remained elevated for about 30‐35 s. Injections of lobeline during sustained voluntary contractions of the elbow flexors at submaximal or maximal levels did not impair the ability to produce force. Walking was not disrupted by repeated suprathreshold doses of lobeline. It is concluded that injections of lobeline sufficient to evoke cardiorespiratory reflexes and sensations of severe respiratory discomfort are not associated with functionally important inhibition of motor performance. The results cast doubt on the ability of the J reflex to limit exercise in humans.

show abstract

Respiratory effects of intravenous lobeline in normal subjects and in patients with mitral stenosis.

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Respiratory responses of mature horses to intravenous lobeline bolus

Respiratory responses of mature horses to intravenous lobeline bolus

Changes in respiratory sensations induced by lobeline after human bilateral lung transplantation

Absence of viscerosomatic inhibition with injections of lobeline designed to activate human pulmonary C fibres

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About