Respiratory mucus as a virus-host range determinant

Wallace, Louisa E.; Liu, Mengying; Kuppeveld, Frank J. M. van; Vries, Erik de; Haan, Cornelis A. M. de

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.014

Cited by 43 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, simultaneous infections might result in a big challenge in controlling both diseases, as it is currently observed for the COVID-19 pandemic and seasonal influenza [ 24 ]. Betacoronaviruses and influenza viruses are droplet-borne pathogens that invade the upper or lower respiratory tract by binding to specific cell surface receptors [ 28 ]. In severe cases, these viruses might cause pneumonia and other serious complications, especially in the presence of bacterial infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Human Respiratory Influenza A Virus and Human Betacoronavirus-1 by the Blend of Double-Standardized Extracts of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot and Sambucus nigra L.

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viral and bacterial diseases are among the greatest concerns of humankind since ancient times. Despite tremendous pharmacological progress, there is still a need to search for new drugs that could treat or support the healing processes. A rich source of bioactive compounds with antiviral potency include plants such as black chokeberry and elderberry. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antiviral ability of an originally designed double-standardized blend of extracts from Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot and Sambucus nigra L. (EAM-ESN) or separated extracts of A. melanocarpa (EAM) or S. nigra (ESN) against four human respiratory tract viruses: influenza A virus (A/H1N1), betacoronavirus-1 (HCoV-OC43) belonging to the same β-coronaviruses as the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2, human herpesvirus type 1 (HHV-1), and human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5). Antiviral assays (AVAs) were used to evaluate the antiviral activity of the plant extracts in a cell-present environment with extracts tested before, simultaneously, or after viral infection. The virus replication was assessed using the CPE scale or luminescent assay. The EAM-ESN blend strongly inhibited A/H1N1 replication as well as HCoV-OC43, while having a limited effect against HHV-1 and HAdV-5. This activity likely depends mostly on the presence of the extract of S. nigra. However, the EAM-ESN blend possesses more effective inhibitory activity toward virus replication than its constituent extracts. A post-infection mechanism of action of the EAM-ESN make this blend the most relevant for potential drugs and supportive treatments; thus, the EAM-ESN blend might be considered as a natural remedy in mild, seasonal respiratory viral infections.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Human Respiratory Influenza A Virus and Human Betacoronavirus-1 by the Blend of Double-Standardized Extracts of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot and Sambucus nigra L.

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By this clearance mechanism, particles are transported out of the bronchial tract to the pharynx and coughed out. Due to the density of the membrane-associated mucins in cilia and microvilli, only particles <40 nm can enter the periciliary layer [ 13 ].…”

Section: Organization Of the Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most relevant viruses for severe respiratory illnesses are influenza A strains, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the corona viruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS) and SARS-CoV-2 [ 56 ]. Mucus is supposed to prevent infection by restricting the access and by the antiviral action of various proteins, such as β-defensin, lactoferrin, palate lung and nasal epithelium clone (PLUC), cathelicidins (LL-37), SP-A and SP-D, deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1) and galectins [ 13 ]. Rhinoviruses cause common but not severe respiratory effects.…”

Section: Contact Of Pathogens With Non-cellular Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza and RSV increase MUC5AC expression in A549 cells and the metapneumovirus and rhinovirus expression of MUC1, 2, 4 and 5AC in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mucus viscosity and retention are increased upon SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 13 ]. Due to the interaction with glycans, respiratory viruses, which usually possess capsids, do not easily cross the gel mucus layer [ 57 ].…”

Section: Contact Of Pathogens With Non-cellular Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Non-Cellular Layers of the Respiratory Tract: Protection against Pathogens and Target for Drug Delivery

Frőhlich

2022

Pharmaceutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epithelial barriers separate the human body from the environment to maintain homeostasis. Compared to the skin and gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory barrier is the thinnest and least protective. The properties of the epithelial cells (height, number of layers, intercellular junctions) and non-cellular layers, mucus in the conducting airways and surfactant in the respiratory parts determine the permeability of the barrier. The review focuses on the non-cellular layers and describes the architecture of the mucus and surfactant followed by interaction with gases and pathogens. While the penetration of gases into the respiratory tract is mainly determined by their hydrophobicity, pathogens use different mechanisms to invade the respiratory tract. Often, the combination of mucus adhesion and subsequent permeation of the mucus mesh is used. Similar mechanisms are also employed to improve drug delivery across the respiratory barrier. Depending on the payload and target region, various mucus-targeting delivery systems have been developed. It appears that the mucus-targeting strategy has to be selected according to the planned application.

show abstract

“…Mucus may, in turn, affect the penetration, mobility, and transmissibility of viruses. Moreover, the mucusvirus interaction may also be dependent on the type of virus (60,65).…”

Section: Airway Mucusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Airway Mucus Secretion Induced by Virus Infection

Tang

2021

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The airway mucus barrier is a primary defensive layer at the airway surface. Mucins are the major structural components of airway mucus that protect the respiratory tract. Respiratory viruses invade human airways and often induce abnormal mucin overproduction and airway mucus secretion, leading to airway obstruction and disease. The mechanism underlying the virus-induced abnormal airway mucus secretion has not been fully studied so far. Understanding the mechanisms by which viruses induce airway mucus hypersecretion may open new avenues to treatment. In this article, we elaborate the clinical and experimental evidence that respiratory viruses cause abnormal airway mucus secretion, review the underlying mechanisms, and also discuss the current research advance as well as potential strategies to treat the abnormal airway mucus secretion caused by SARS-CoV-2.

show abstract

Respiratory mucus as a virus-host range determinant

Cited by 43 publications

References 75 publications

Inhibition of Human Respiratory Influenza A Virus and Human Betacoronavirus-1 by the Blend of Double-Standardized Extracts of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot and Sambucus nigra L.

Inhibition of Human Respiratory Influenza A Virus and Human Betacoronavirus-1 by the Blend of Double-Standardized Extracts of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot and Sambucus nigra L.

Non-Cellular Layers of the Respiratory Tract: Protection against Pathogens and Target for Drug Delivery

Abnormal Airway Mucus Secretion Induced by Virus Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About