Respiratory Muscle Training

The Effects of Respiratory Training with Inspiratory Flow Resistive Loads in Premature Infants

“…The absence of a demonstrable improvement in respiratory muscle strength is also consistent with previous studies that showed that different types of training regimens were required for improvement of respiratory muscle strength than were needed for improved respiratory muscle endurance (8). However, the involuntary nature of our recordings did not allow a direct assessment of strength to be made, so that the lack of demonstrable improvement must be interpreted with caution.…”

“…(Pediatr Res 31: 613-618,1992) Abbreviations VT tidal volume VE, minute ventilation EI, effort index ET, endurance time IRL, inspiratory flow-resistive load MNAP, maximum negative airway pressure PTI, pressure-time integral TcPco2, transcutaneous C02 tension Ti, inspiratory time VT/Ti, mean inspiratory flow Tintot, respiratory duty cycle An initial report describing the benefit of respiratory muscle training in normal adults (1) was followed by beneficial effects being described in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2,3), normal elderly subjects (4), adults with chronic airflow limitation (5), and children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (6). Respiratory muscle function has been shown to improve after a period of inspiratory muscle training with repeated exposure to IRL (7,8), which is one of the mechanisms used for respiratory muscle training. However, excessively large loads may result in respiratory failure, as demonstrated by the ventilatory failure seen in neonatal piglets (9) and infant monkeys with extended loading (10).…”

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training programme in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using multiple inspiratory muscle tests

“…Patients allocated to the PrBr-IMT started training at 30% of their baseline PImax and increased the intensity once a week as tolerated. This intensity has been shown to train the respiratory muscles [27,28] and is widely accepted as the minimum training intensity in IMT studies [29,30]. The threshold load was increased by revolving the load-adjustment valve in the device's handle which increases the inspiratory threshold loading pressure.…”

“…The average weekly increase in intensity of training was 5% and the mean (SD) intensity at the end of the programme was 62% (SD:11.7) of the baseline PImax. In the C-IMT group, the device was set below 15% PImax, an intensity shown not to train the respiratory muscles and often used in control groups [27][28][29][30]. This load remained constant for the duration of the study.…”

Laser Acupuncture Therapy Added to Inspiratory Muscle and Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Small Airway Ventilation in Metal Arc Welders

“…Diaphragmatic breathing exercise is associated with improvement in inspiratory muscles strength and endurance that may help to relieve the sensation of dyspnea (13). Also, diaphragmatic breathing enhances lower lung ventilation, reduces residual volume, improves airflow in small airways and as a result reduces pulmonary hyperinflation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (14). In asthmatic patients diaphragmatic breathing exercise increased the inspiratory muscles strength and therefore increases the expiratory flow as asthmatic patients are exposed to airway obstruction and hyperinflation which by itself adversely affects the inspiratory muscles by forcing them to operate in an inefficient part of the length tension relationship (15,16) Exercise training may reduce the perception of breathlessness through a number of mechanisms includes strengthening of respiratory muscles (17).…”