Respiratory Muscle Training and the Performance of a Simulated Anti-G Straining Maneuver

Yang, Pearl; Frier, Bruce C.; Goodman, Leonard S.; Duffin, James

doi:10.3357/asem.2048.2007

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Interestingly, however, findings from a mouse study indicate that spaceflight (i.e. Further, as there is evidence to suggest that lung function may be impaired by microgravity (Bryan et al, 1966;Sawin et al, 1976;Elliott et al, 1994Elliott et al, , 1996West et al, 1997;Prisk, 2000;Tian et al, 2010), we suggest that methods of improving lung function in a microgravity environment may prove to be of benefit to enhance the work efficiency of individuals in microgravity environments (di Prampero, 1994;Yang et al, 2007). The possibility that microgravity may induce changes in lung function, whether they be transient or more long term, is clearly of interest and suggests, in turn, that microgravity could potentially reduce the capacity of an individual to perform tasks involving physical exertion that increase energy consumption and the requirement for oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Effect of artificial gravity with exercise training on lung function during head‐down bed rest in humans

Guo

Liu

et al. 2012

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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There is evidence to suggest that microgravity/weightlessness can induce changes in lung physiology/function. We hypothesized that microgravity, induced by head-down bed rest (HDBR), would induce changes in lung function and that exercise training with artificial gravity (AG) would prevent these changes from occurring. Twelve participants were randomly assigned to a control or AG exercise countermeasure (CM) group (n = 6 per group) and 96 h of 6° HDBR. Participants in the CM group were exposed to AG (alternating 2 min intervals of +1·0 and +2·0 G) for 30 min, twice daily, during which time ergometric exercise (40 W intensity) was performed. Pulse rate, oxygen saturation (SO(2) ) and lung function were measured and compared between groups. The CM and control groups were similar in mean age, height and weight. There were no significant within or between group differences over time in pulse rate, SO(2) , vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, minute ventilation, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak expiratory flow, maximal expiratory flow in 25%, 50% and 75% vital capacity, forced inspiratory vital capacity, forced inspiratory volume in 1 s and maximal voluntary ventilation. Microgravity induced by 96 h of HDBR does not appear to affect lung function in humans. Further, AG with exercise training does not change lung function during 96 h of HDBR in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Effect of artificial gravity with exercise training on lung function during head‐down bed rest in humans

Guo

Liu

et al. 2012

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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“…In human bed rest studies, exercise countermeasures have also been combined to additional physical or mechanical stimulation, like penguin suit [ 208 ], artificial gravity using a human-powered short-arm centrifuge [ 209 ] or vibration [ 210 , 211 ]. Unfortunately, there are few data available on the degree of positive or negative effects on the molecular events and signalling pathways associated with atrophy.…”

Section: Different Approaches To Counteract Muscle Disuse-induced Atrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular events and signalling pathways involved in skeletal muscle disuse‐induced atrophy and the impact of countermeasures

Chopard

Hillock

Jasmin

2009

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy occurs following chronic periods of inactivity such as those involving prolonged bed rest, trauma and microgravity environments. Deconditioning of skeletal muscle is mainly characterized by a loss of muscle mass, decreased fibre cross-sectional area, reduced force, increased fatigability, increased insulin resistance and transitions in fibre types. A description of the role of specific transcriptional mechanisms contributing to muscle atrophy by altering gene expression during muscle disuse has recently emerged and focused primarily on short period of inactivity. A better understanding of the transduction pathways involved in activation of proteolytic and apoptotic pathways continues to represent a major objective, together with the study of potential cross-talks in these cellular events. In parallel, evaluation of the impact of countermeasures at the cellular and molecular levels in short- and long-term disuse experimentations or microgravity environments should undoubtedly and synergistically increase our basic knowledge in attempts to identify new physical, pharmacological and nutritional targets to counteract muscle atrophy. These investigations are important as skeletal muscle atrophy remains an important neuromuscular challenge with impact in clinical and social settings affecting a variety of conditions such as those seen in aging, cancer cachexia, muscle pathologies and long-term space exploration.

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“…The force acting on an object during centrifugation depends on the object’s distance to the center of rotation, i.e., it will change during movement and it is higher for parts of the object that are further away from the center of rotation. The effects of these challenges on ground reaction forces have also been reported for other human centrifuges with different g -levels ( Yang et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Short-term Response of Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein to Different Types of Impact Loading Under Normal and Artificial Gravity

et al. 2020

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Microgravity during long-term space flights induces degeneration of articular cartilage. Artificial gravity through centrifugation combined with exercise has been suggested as a potential countermeasure for musculoskeletal degeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of impact loading under normal and artificial gravity conditions on serum concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a biomarker of cartilage metabolism. Fifteen healthy male adults (26 ± 4 years, 181 ± 4 cm, 77 ± 6 kg) performed four different 30-min impact loading protocols on four experimental days: jumping with artificial gravity elicited by centrifugation in a short-arm centrifuge (AGJ), jumping with artificial gravity generated by low-pressure cylinders in a sledge jump system (SJS), vertical jumping under Earth gravity (EGJ), and running under Earth gravity (RUN). Five blood samples per protocol were taken: 30 min before, immediately before, immediately after, 30 min after, and 60 min after impact loading. Serum COMP concentrations were analyzed in these samples. During the impact exercises, ground reaction forces were recorded. Peak ground reaction forces were significantly different between the three jumping protocols ( p < 0.001), increasing from AGJ (14 N/kg) to SJS (22 N/kg) to EGJ (29 N/kg) but were similar in RUN (22 N/kg) compared to SJS. The serum COMP concentration was increased ( p < 0.001) immediately after all loading protocols, and then decreased ( p < 0.001) at 30 min post-exercise compared to immediately after the exercise. Jumping and running under Earth gravity (EGJ and RUN) resulted in a significantly higher ( p < 0.05) increase of serum COMP levels 30 min after impact loading compared to the impact loading under artificial gravity (RUN +30%, EGJ +20%, AGJ +17%, and SJS +13% compared to baseline). In conclusion, both the amplitude and the number of the impacts contribute to inducing higher COMP responses and are therefore likely important factors affecting cartilage metabolism. RUN had the largest effect on serum COMP concentration, presumably due to the high number of impacts, which was 10 times higher than for the jump modalities. Future studies should aim at establishing a dose-response relationship for different types of exercise using comparable amounts of impacts.

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Respiratory Muscle Training and the Performance of a Simulated Anti-G Straining Maneuver

Abstract: The findings of this study demonstrate that hypergravity can be used as an effective modality for loading skeletal muscle and that subjects can perform squat resistance exercise without developing motion sickness or illusory motion.

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of artificial gravity with exercise training on lung function during head‐down bed rest in humans

Effect of artificial gravity with exercise training on lung function during head‐down bed rest in humans

Molecular events and signalling pathways involved in skeletal muscle disuse‐induced atrophy and the impact of countermeasures

Short-term Response of Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein to Different Types of Impact Loading Under Normal and Artificial Gravity

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