Respiratory syncytial virus disease severity is associated with distinct CD8+ T cell profiles

Abstract

Most infants are infected with RSV by their second birthday. Despite known risk factors such as prematurity or congenital heart disease, most hospitalized infants are previously healthy. The mechanisms underlying the immunopathology of severe disease is incompletely understood. Our objective was to compare T cell profiles in nasal aspirates between infants with moderate and severe RSV disease hospitalized without immune deficiencies or congenital heart disease, during 2014–2017. Infants requiring intensive care were categorized as having severe disease, while infants maintained in the general ward were categorized as having moderate disease. The T cell profile in nasal aspirates collected 7 days after hospitalization (median 11 days after first symptom onset) was determined by flow cytometry. Nasal aspirates from patients with severe disease were characterized by a higher proportion of CD8+ T cells expressing IL-4 (Tc2) (P=0.024) and a lower proportion of CD8+ T cells expressing IFNγ (Tc1) (P=0.019) compared to patients with moderate disease. Patients with reduced frequencies of Tc1, Tc17, or Th17 cells had shorter durations of hospitalization (P=0.0023, P=0.0188, P=0.0437, respectively). Additionally, patients with severe disease had lower concentrations of IL-17 in nasal aspirates compared to patients with moderate disease (P=0.0133). These results suggest that RSV disease severity is associated with a specific T cell profile, and that Tc2 cells may play an underappreciated role in the development of RSV immunopathology.

RAD51AP1 promotes progression of ovarian cancer via TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway

“…Recent studies have revealed that tumour progression can result from imbalances between tumour progression and the host immune response 25 . In present study, tumour‐infiltrating immune cells results manifested high‐RAD51AP1 samples were infiltrated in Th2 cells, which was considered as the pro‐tumour cell implicated in severe disease 26 . Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), including T cells, B cells and NK cells, that exhibited anti‐tumoural functions, 27,28 especially CD8 + and CD4 + T cells were infiltrated in low‐level RAD51AP1 group.…”