Respiratory Viral Infection in Obliterative Airway Disease After Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation

Single-institution Study Evaluating the Utility of Surveillance Bronchoscopy After Lung Transplantation

“…31 KL-6, a pulmonary epithelial cell glycoprotein, is a potential serum marker found to be significantly elevated in BOS when compared to transplant recipients without BOS. 32 Finally, identifying gene expression alterations by microarray analysis of blood samples may prove safe and effective in separating patients with AR from stable patients, while clarifying the immunology in allograft recipients. 33,34 These markers may be as useful as TBB/BAL for detecting early stages of immunologic injury and inflammation without subjecting the patient and allograft to the risks and trauma of an invasive procedure.…”

New methods for monitoring dynamic airway tissue oxygenation and perfusion in experimental and clinical transplantation

“…Although these allografts do not develop bronchiolitis obliterans, a pathology of terminal bronchioles, they do develop lymphocytic bronchitis (a large airway precursor of BOS) (19). Findings from the OTT model have been cautiously extrapolated to explain how airways become fibrotic in BOS terminal bronchioles (1,9,12,16). Our group discovered that the loss of a functional microcirculation identifies all allografts that cannot be rescued from fibroproliferative remodeling (1).…”

Models of Lung Transplant Research: a consensus statement from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop

“…Although obliterative lesions are not observed, OTTs develop lymphocytic bronchitis (a large airway precursor of BOS) as well as subepithelial fibrosis (103). Findings from the OTT studies have been cautiously extrapolated to explain how occlusive fibrosis may evolve following rejection in higher generation bronchioles (77,80,83,104,105).…”