Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity

Pusch, Emanuel; Renz, Harald; Skevaki, Chrysanthi

doi:10.1007/s40629-018-0056-0

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(219 reference statements)

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“…Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), is characterized by the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. About 60% of the above mentioned autoimmune syndromes can be infection-related by humoral and cellular cross-reactivity (Pusch et al 2018), most frequently gastrointestinal (Campylobacter jejuni) or respiratory tract infections, including influenza (Sellers et al 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Miller Fisher syndrome diagnosis and treatment in a patient with SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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This case report describes the clinical characteristics of a 50-year-old woman that developed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and was admitted at the COVID-19 dedicated unit where she developed neurological symptoms 10 days after admission. After neurological examination, including a panel of blood cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, a diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) was hypothesized and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) was initiated. Fourteen days after the start of IVIG treatment, the patient has been discharged at home with the resolution of respiratory symptoms and only minor hyporeflexia at the lower limbs, without any side effect.

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confidence: 99%

Miller Fisher syndrome diagnosis and treatment in a patient with SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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“…Environmental factors are also important in the development of atopic diseases and T1DM [ 6 ]. The “Hygiene Hypothesis” is a theory suggesting that reduced or delayed exposure to infections at early ages may increase the risk of the onset of autoimmune disorders (atopic diseases or T1DM) [ 20 ]. Several studies have shown an increased incidence of asthma and other atopic diseases in the general population, particularly in patients with T1DM [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Divergent Theories Underlying Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protective effects of bacteria ( Listeria monocytogenes , Propionibacterium acnes , Chlamydia , Lactococcus species ) or bacterial products on asthma development have been well documented [ 20 , 36 ]. Viruses also seemed to have a protective role against asthma in murine models [ 37 ].…”

Section: Divergent Theories Underlying Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viruses also seemed to have a protective role against asthma in murine models [ 37 ]. Bacterial infections protect against asthma development by stimulating innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR), and inducing Th1 responses [ 20 ]. Viral infections exert their action against asthma development by induction of a natural killer (NK) cell subset or monocytes with a regulatory phenotype [ 20 , 37 ].…”

Section: Divergent Theories Underlying Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, recurrent wheezing episodes in early life are known to be a major risk factor for asthma development, and viral infections have been linked to asthma development in 62–98% of cases [ 38 ]. Respiratory Syncytial Virus- or Rhinovirus-induced wheezing in preschool children with family history of asthma were associated with an increased risk of asthma at 6 years of age [ 20 ].…”

Section: Divergent Theories Underlying Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coaggregation of Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Narrative Review

Sgrazzutti

Sansone

Attanasi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two of the most frequent chronic diseases in children, representing a model of the atopic and autoimmune diseases respectively. These two groups of disorders are mediated by different immunological pathways, T helper (Th)1 for diabetes and Th2 for asthma. For many years, these two groups were thought to be mutually exclusive according to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. In children, the incidence of both diseases is steadily increasing worldwide. In this narrative review, we report the evidence of the potential link between asthma and T1DM in childhood. We discuss which molecular mechanisms could be involved in the link between asthma and T1DM, such as genetic predisposition, cytokine patterns, and environmental influences. Cytokine profile of children with asthma and T1DM shows an activation of both Th1 and Th2 pathways, suggesting a complex genetic-epigenetic interaction. In conclusion, in children, the potential link between asthma and T1DM needs further investigation to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these patients. The aim of this review is to invite the pediatricians to consider the potential copresence of these two disorders in clinical practice.

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Association of Influenza Vaccination With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hospitalization and Mortality Among Patients Aged 66 Years or Older

Hosseini-Moghaddam

Calzavara

et al. 2022

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceVaccine effectiveness studies have rarely implemented strategies to reduce the healthy vaccinee bias arising from differences in health care–seeking behavior between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Although previous observational studies suggest that influenza vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2–associated outcomes, the healthy vaccinee bias may have led to overestimating the vaccination effect.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2–associated outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted over 2 consecutive influenza vaccination campaigns (2019-2020 and 2020-2021), owing to the substantial COVID-19 burden and the greater validity of influenza vaccination data in the studied age group. The study population included community-dwelling adults aged 66 years or older in Ontario, Canada.ExposureInfluenza vaccination for a given season.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcomes of interest included SARS-CoV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization, SARS-CoV-2–associated death, and a composite of SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization or death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to measure the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2–associated outcomes, censoring individuals who moved into long-term care, received COVID-19 vaccines, or died before the observation period end date. Primary care periodic health examinations (PHEs) were explored as a negative tracer exposure (ie, no association expected with SARS-CoV-2 outcomes) and as an effect modifier of the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 outcomes.ResultsOf 2 922 449 individuals aged 66 years or older (54.2% female) living in Ontario, 2 279 805 were included in the study. Among these, 1 234 647 (54.2%) were female and 1 045 158 (45.8%) were male; their mean (SD) age was 75.08 (7.21) years. Those who had received influenza vaccination exhibited a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than unvaccinated individuals for the 2019-2020 cohort (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84) and the 2020-2021 cohort (aHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.74-0.78). This association was also observed for SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization or death (2019-2020: aHR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.92; 2020-2021: aHR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.63-0.70). Similarly, undergoing a PHE was also associated with a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.91) and SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization or death (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.90), and modified the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection for vaccinated individuals who underwent PHE (aHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.52-0.74) and for vaccinated individuals who did not undergo PHE (aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.87), and also SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization or death in vaccinated individuals who underwent PHE (aHR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.88) and vaccinated individuals who did not undergo PHE (aHR, 0.85, 95% CI, 0.76-0.95).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that undergoing a PHE may at least partially modify the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2–associated outcomes in individuals aged 66 years or older, providing evidence of the healthy vaccinee bias that may affect vaccine effectiveness studies.

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Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity

Cited by 14 publications

References 161 publications

Miller Fisher syndrome diagnosis and treatment in a patient with SARS-CoV-2

Miller Fisher syndrome diagnosis and treatment in a patient with SARS-CoV-2

Coaggregation of Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Narrative Review

Association of Influenza Vaccination With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hospitalization and Mortality Among Patients Aged 66 Years or Older

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