Respiratory Viruses and Torque Teno Virus in Adults with Acute Respiratory Infections

Abstract

Objective: To define the molecular epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in adult patients. Methods: Nasal and throat swabs were collected from all adult patients with influenza-like illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), or severe ARI (SARI) admitted to a tertiary hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia, between March 2010 and April 2011 and analyzed for 19 respiratory viruses and for torque teno virus (TTV) and human gyrovirus (HGyV). Results: Respiratory viruses were detected in 61.3% of the subjects, most of whom had ARI (90.8%, OR = 11.39), were hospitalized (96.9%, OR = 22.31), had asthma exacerbation (90.9%, OR = 8.67), and/or had pneumonia (80%, OR = 4.0). Human rhinovirus (HRV) A43 predominated. Influenza A H3N2, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) subtypes A1 and A2, the influenza B virus, human adenovirus B, and human coronavirus OC43 were also detected. All respiratory viruses were detected in the transition month between the rainy and dry seasons. No mixed respiratory virus infection was found. Coinfections of the influenza A H3N2 virus with TTV, HMPV with TTV, HRV with TTV, and human parainfluenza virus-3 with TTV were found in 4.7, 2.8, 19.8, and 0.9% of the samples, respectively. Conclusions: This study highlights the need to perform routine detection of respiratory viruses in adults hospitalized with ARI, asthma exacerbation, and/or pneumonia.

Respiratory viruses in individuals with a high frequency of animal exposure in southern and highland Vietnam

“…[39][40][41][42][43] Our overall RT-PCR yield of 17.7% of viral agents in respiratory samples of the cohort members with the majority age from 16 years or above is in agreement with the diagnostic yields of previous studies. [44][45][46][47][48][49] The results suggest that it is probably because adults have acquired substantial immunity during their life, leading to the rapid clearance of the infecting viruses from their respiratory tract, thereby shortening the duration of viral shedding.…”

The Virome of Acute Respiratory Diseases in Individuals at Risk of Zoonotic Infections

“…Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. Despite intensive laboratory investigations, a substantial proportion of acute respiratory infections are of unknown etiology, resulting in difficulties in clinical management [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Metagenomics is an unbiased (independent of specific sequences) approach increasingly being applied in virus discovery as well as for molecular diagnostics [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Detection of multiple viral sequences in the respiratory tract samples of suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients in Jakarta, Indonesia 2015–2016

“…However, their association with disease severity remains unclear (Kumar and Srivastava, 2018). There is only a single report on HMPV from Indonesia, documenting the association of HMPV lineage A1 and A2 with asthma exacerbations and pneumonia, indicating that HMPV should be screened in those with chronic and severe respiratory infections (Prasetyo et al, 2015).…”