Respon Tutur Siswa Autis Terhadap Tutur Direktif Guru Dalam Interaksi Pembelajaran Di Kelas

Abstract

Abstract:The aim of this study is to describe the form, function and response strategies from autistic studentson the teachers' directive in the classroom. This study used a case study. The results showed that there are two categories of the students' spoken responses: (1) speech production in the form of assertive, directive, commissive and expressive; and (2) the speech responses are based on the senses including auditory, visual and emotions. In addition, the function of the students' responses is categorized into two: (i) the effect of speech production in terms of complaining, agreeing, asking, stating something, thanking, apologizing, asserting, reporting, mentioning and offering; and (ii) the students' responses as the effect of the teachers' directive speech acts. Furthermore, the students' response strategies are divided into two categories, namely: (i) internal and external factors, and (ii) the delivery of the students' responses.Keywords: teachers' directive, autistic students, students' responses.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan wujud, fungsi, dan strategi respon tutur siswa autis terhadap tutur direktif guru dalam interaksi pembelajaran di kelas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wujud respon tutur siswa memiliki dua kategori, yakni (a) pemroduksian wujud respon tutur meliputi respon asertif, direktif, komisif, dan ekspresif; dan (b) pembagian jenis respon tutur menurut indera yang mengamati, yaitu respon auditif, visual, dan perasa. Fungsi respon tutur siswa ditemukan dalam dua kategori, yaitu (a) fungsi pemroduksian respon meliputi fungsi mengeluh, menyetujui, menanyakan, meminta, menyatakan sesuatu, menunjukkan, mengucapkan terima kasih, meminta maaf, menegaskan, melaporkan, menyebutkan, dan menawarkan; dan (b) pemrosesan terjadinya respon disebabkan oleh sebuah aksi dari guru sehingga menimbulkan reaksi dari siswa.Kata Kunci: respon tutur, tutur direktif, tutur siswa autis, respon tutur siswa.Teori tindak tutur berfokus pada tindak komunikatif berbentuk ujaran. Habermas (dalam Cummings, 2007:284) menggunakan tindak tutur dalam analisisnya terhadap pragmatik universal. Menurutnya, bahasa melakukan tiga fungsi pragmatik, yaitu fungsi representatif, fungsi ekspresif, dan fungsi interaktif. Ketiganya dalam teori tindakan sosial diselaraskan dengan yang disampaikan Austin dan Searle terhadap konsep tindak tutur yang meliputi tiga tindak, yaitu tindak lokusi, ilokusi, dan perlokusi. Teori tindak tutur menempatkan

Expressive Speech Acts In The Speech Of Autistic Children

“…Due to the repeated questions, they expressed unhappiness. The speech (9) and (11) indicated this symptom. The data showed that a dislike of the autistic child to receive questions from her partner was expressed by saying sakit kepala (headache) while holding the head.…”

“…However, since Hasan did not immediately answer the question, in the speech (8) the partner provided an example of the expression that Hasan must say to Udin. In the speech (9) Hasan showed his gratitude to Udin after he received the soup noodle.…”

“…Communication refers to someone's behaviors that send and receive messages in a distorted way. It occurs in a particular context having a certain effect, and there is a chance to provide feedbacks [9]. In daily life, humans use language as a means of communication [10].…”