Response of Animals to Heat

Johnson, H. D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-940033-58-7_6

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This economically based literature has an animal science parallel in which the climate drivers leading to changes in animal breed selection are debated [ 18 ]. Animal scientists have also long investigated relationships between climate factors and animal production [ 19 - 21 ]. Finally, animal science and more general climate literature indicate that adaptive capacity of different livestock species to climate stress varies and that management options are available to facilitate adaptation [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Livestock Species under Climate Change in Australia

Seo

McCarl

2011

Animals

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Simple SummaryWorld communities are concerned about the impacts of a hotter and drier climate on future agriculture. By examining Australian regional livestock data on sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and pigs, the authors find that livestock production will expand under such conditions. Livestock revenue per farm is expected to increase by more than 47% by 2060 under the UKMO, the GISS, and a high degree of warming CSIRO scenario. The existence of a threshold temperature for these species is not evident.AbstractThis paper examines the vulnerabilities of major livestock species raised in Australia to climate change using the regional livestock profile of Australia of around 1,400 regions. The number of each species owned, the number of each species sold, and the aggregate livestock revenue across all species are examined. The four major species analyzed are sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and pigs. The analysis also includes livestock products such as wool and milk. These livestock production statistics are regressed against climate, geophysical, market and household characteristics. In contrast to crop studies, the analysis finds that livestock species are resilient to a hotter and more arid climate. Under the CSIRO climate scenario in which temperature increases by 3.4 °C, livestock revenue per farm increases significantly while the number of each species owned increases by large percentages except for dairy cattle. The precipitation reduction by about 8% in 2060 also increases the numbers of livestock species per farm household. Under both UKMO and GISS scenarios, livestock revenue is expected to increase by around 47% while the livestock population increases by large percentage. Livestock management may play a key role in adapting to a hot and arid climate in Australia. However, critical values of the climatic variables for the species analyzed in this paper are not obvious from the regional data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Livestock Species under Climate Change in Australia

Seo

McCarl

2011

Animals

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“…It is rare for African farms to specialize in livestock, although there are some. Scientists reported that livestock productivities such as liveweight gain, milk production, wool production and reproduction are climate sensitive (Johnson 1965;Hahn 1999;Mader 2003). Climate change is reported to affect the availability of livestock feed such as pastures and grains (Reilly et al 1996;Adams et al 1999;Sankaran et al 2005;Polley et al 2011).…”

Section: Materials S An D M Et Hodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A geographically scaled analysis of adaptation to climate change with spatial models using agricultural systems in Africa

Seo

2011

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYThe present paper provides a geographically scaled analysis of adaptation to climate change using adoption of agricultural systems observed across Africa. Usingc. 9000 farm surveys, spatial logit models were applied to explain observed agricultural system choices by climate variables after accounting for soils, geography and other household characteristics. The results reveal that strong neighbourhood effects exist and a spatial re-sampling and bootstrapping approach can remove them. The crops-only system is adopted most frequently in the lowland humid forest, lowland sub-humid, mid-elevation sub-humid Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) and in the highlands in the east and in southern Africa. Integrated farming is favoured in the lowland dry savannah, moist savannah and semi-arid zones in West Africa and eastern coastal zones. A livestock-only system is favoured most in the mid/high-elevation moist savannahs located in southern Africa. Under a hot and dry Canadian Climate Centre (CCC) scenario, the crops-only system should move out from the currently favoured regions of humid zones in the lowlands towards the mid-/high elevations. It declines by more than 5% in the lowland savannahs. Integrated farming should increase across all the AEZs by as much as 5%, but less so in the deserts or in the humid forest zones in the mid-/high elevations. A livestock-only system should increase by 2–5% in the lowland semi-arid, dry savannah and moist savannah zones in the lowlands. Adaptation measures should be carefully scaled, up or down, considering geographic and ecological differentials as well as household characteristics, as proposed in the present study.

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“…Many authors have reviewed the problems of the European breeds of dairy cattle in heat stressing climates (Brody, 1956;Johnson, 1965b;Mahadevan, 1966;Wiersma and Stott, 1969). Central to the problem is a high level cf heat production coupled with a mechanism of heat dissipation that is relatively inefficient in hot, humid climates.…”

Section: Literature Re\''iew Climate Stress In Warm Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following energy budget equation summarizing the balance between heat produced by the animal and the net heat loss by the animal to its environment demonstrates, in a qualitative manner, some of the factors involved in climate stress (Blaxter, 1962;Johnson, 1965b).…”

Section: Literature Re\''iew Climate Stress In Warm Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conception rate, milk production and endocrine responses of lactating Holstein cows to subtropical climates in Hawaii and Mexico

Ingraham

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Response of Animals to Heat

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Managing Livestock Species under Climate Change in Australia

Managing Livestock Species under Climate Change in Australia

A geographically scaled analysis of adaptation to climate change with spatial models using agricultural systems in Africa

Conception rate, milk production and endocrine responses of lactating Holstein cows to subtropical climates in Hawaii and Mexico

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