Response of Bread Wheat Cultivars Inoculated with Azotobacter Species under Different Nitrogen Application Rates

Abstract

A field trial was conducted to investigate the productivity of three bread wheat cultivars, namely Giza-168, Shandawel-1, and Misr-2, under different fertilization treatments, i.e., azotobacter inoculation, 25% nitrogen (N) + azotobacter, 50%N + azotobacter, 75%N + azotobacter, and 100%N of the recommended level (180 kg/ha). The treatments were laid in a split-plot design, and each was replicated three times. The findings showed that wheat cultivars examined in the two seasons exhibited significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) in plant height (PH, cm), number of tillers m−2 (NTM), number of spikelets per spike (NSS), 1000-grain weight (TGW, g), spike length (SL, cm), biological yield (BY, ton ha−1), grain yield (GY, ton ha−1), straw yield (SY, ton ha−1), harvest index (HI, %), protein content (PC, %), days to 50% heading (DTH), and chlorophyll content (CC, SPAD). As a result, Giza-168 had a higher GY (14%), HI (27%), and TGW (10%) than any of the other two cultivars in both growing seasons. Furthermore, Misr-2 exhibited the highest PH (16%), NTM (26%), NSS (28%), SL (10%), BY (30%), SY (46%), and CC (3%). The application of the two treatments of 100%N and N75% + azotobacter exhibited high and statistically similar performance, resulting in an increase in all studied traits by greater than 30–50% compared to the other three treatments. According to the findings of the current investigation, the application of N fertilizer combined with azotobacter increased wheat yield more than either solely azotobacter or N application. We concluded that the application of nitrogen combined with azotobacter reduced the quantity of applied nitrogen by 25%.

Improving Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) through Nitrogen Application under Semiarid Conditions

“…Similar findings were reported in different studies [63][64][65][66]. Contrary to our research, El-Sorady et al [67] reported that grain yield was negatively correlated with plant height.…”

The biological and biochemical composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by the bio and organic fertilizers

“…Moreover, Azotobacter could improve plant protection against root pathogens [32,33], encouraging soil beneficial microorganisms and consequently improving crop productivity [34]. Azotobacter can fix nitrogen, and produce siderophore, polysaccharides, and indole acetic acid ( IAA) that raise plant health [35][36][37]. Inoculation of wheat with azotobacter increased the grain yield compared with untreated plants [38].…”

Response of some bread wheat cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer rates under different sowing methods

“…It considers the most important source for human food and straw for animal feeding (El-Sheref and El-Sherif, 2020). wheat is consumed on a daily meal by the majority of the Egyptian population it is source of calories and proteins (El-Sorady et al 2022). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used in many food industry products like bread, noodles, biscuits, and cakes (Peña et al 2002).…”

“…Although, crop productivity depends on nitrogen level, but excess rates of it could be harmful for each the environment and human health. Hence, to achieve each agronomic and environmental aims we need to manage the nitrogen fertilization in agricultural process and determine the optimal nitrogen levels (El-Sorady et al 2022). Abdel-Moneam et al (2021) investigate that the best biomass yield /plant was in the cultivar Shandweel-1 at normal condition and Saad et al (2022) reported that Gemaiza 11 recorded highest biomass, straw yield values and plant height compared to Misr1 which displayed higher levels of seed index.…”