Response of Dry Seeded Rice to Sowing Dates, Irrigation Regimes and Cultivar Duration

Abstract

R ice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world, and a staple food for more than half of the global population. About 55 per cent of the rice area is irrigated that accounts 75 per cent of the rice production in the world (Bouman and Toung, 2001). In the next 25 years, 15-20 M ha of irrigated rice is projected to suffer from water scarcity particularly wet season irrigated rice in parts of India, China and Pakistan (Carriger and Vallee, 2007). Therefore, for food security, it is essential to ''produce more rice with less water'' (Guerra et al., 1998). Productivity and profitability of transplanted rice is high in Punjab where groundwater is the primary source for irrigation. Floodirrigated rice utilizes two to three times (Toung et al., 2005) more water than other cereal crops such as maize and wheat. However, large amount of water input in rice cultivation has led to over-use of groundwater as indicated by alarming fall (>0.5 meter year -1 ) in water table (Singh, 2009). The rice is transplanted in the month of June when the evaporation rates are high (8-10 mm day -1 ) resulting in a large amount of water consumption. This has led to excessive pumping of water leading to increased pumping cost (Kamra et al., 2002). This raises serious concerns about the sustainability of the rice-based cropping systems in Punjab. The increasing water scarcity for agriculture and competition from nonagricultural sectors indicate an urgent need to search for an alternative technique for growing rice which require less water, and should be technically sound and economically feasible.

Response of sowing time and fertilization on the growth parameters and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) under irrigated conditions of Punjab

“…D2 (1 st fortnight of November) sown crop produce superior grain yield and straw yield due to favourable effect of earlier sowings on growth and development of pea plants encouraged higher growth and yield attributes which ultimately resulted in higher grain and straw yield. These findings are corroborated with those reported by Shaukat et al, (2012) [13] , Tiwari et al, (2014) [16] and Singh et al, (1991) [14,15,17] . Fertilization has significant effect on grain and straw yield.…”

“…Crop obtained maximum length of growing period, favorable temperature and other climatological parameters for the growth characters which helps in promoting better cell division and cell elongation. Similar results were reported by Bozoglu et al, (2007) [6] and Singh and Singh (2011) [14,15,17] .…”

Studies on Potential of Different Dates of Sowing and Varieties on Productivity of Aerobic Rice in Assam

“…The higher dry matter accumulation was due to higher growth and uptake of nutrients resulted from higher dry matter partitioning forwarded by prevailing weather parameters (Table 1). Similar, findings were also reported by Matloob et al [15], Dari et al [16] and Singh and Singh [17]. So far the varieties are concerned, the highest dry matter accumulation was recorded in CR-Dhan 203 which was significantly higher than all other varieties and statistically at par with Inglongkiri and CR-Dhan 204.…”