Response of Four Ornamental Shrubs to Container Substrate Amended with Two Sources of Raw Paper Mill Sludge

Abstract

<jats:p>Four deciduous ornamental shrubs {`Coral Beauty' cotoneaster <jats:italic>(Cotoneaster dammeri</jats:italic> C.K. Schneid.), `Flaviramea' dogwood <jats:italic>(Cornus sericea</jats:italic> L.), `Lynwood' forsythia (Forsythia <jats:italic>×intermedia</jats:italic> Zab.), and `Variegata' weigela <jats:italic>[Weigela florida</jats:italic> (Bunge) A. DC.]} were grown in trickle-irrigated containers with 100% pine bark (control) or with 10 other pine-bark-amended media, including two sources [Noranda Forest (NF) and Quebec and Ontario (QO)] of raw paper mill sludge mixed at 15 % or 30% (by volume). All species grew equally well or better in the sludge-amended media than in the control or other nonsludge media. Cotoneaster and forsythia grew more in NF sludge media than in corresponding QO media due primarily to the greater quantities of N and other nutrients released from the NF sludge.</jats:p>

Paper pulp as an amendment to a tropical acid soil: Effects on growth of rye grass

“…Potassium levels were similar for the paper pulp and lime amended soils. A decrease in plant K concentration with increasing application rates of paper mill sludge was observed in several studies (Chong and Cline, 1993;Feagley et al, 1994aFeagley et al, , 1994bBellamy et al, 1995).…”

“…Amendment with paper mill sludge characterized by a high C/N ratio may result in immobilization of N (Vasconcelos and Cabrai, 1993;Chong and Cline, 1993). Harvest P Control • Pulp • Lime FIGURE 1.…”

Assessing Gas Diffusion Coefficients in Growing Media from in situ Water Flow and Storage Measurements

“…When growing media are manufactured for use in nursery or greenhouses, adequate aeration conditions are usually obtained by mixing organic wastes (Chong and Cline, 1993), wood bark (Nkongolo and Caron, 1999), and other raw materials (Penninck et al, 1984) of variable size and geometry with fine organic and mineral fractions (peat, mineral soil). The storage characteristics of a medium (water‐holding capacity, air‐filled porosity) depends on particle size distribution, but not necessarily on the shape of its particles.…”

Use of Composted and Fresh Spent Tea Grinds As a Potential Greenhouse Substrate Component

“…Jackson and others (2005) reported initial substrate EC as high as 9.1 mS cm -1 for substrates containing 64% (by volume) cotton gin compost. Chong and Cline (1993) reported initial substrate EC between 6.2 and 7.6 mS cm -1 for substrates containing only 30% (by volume) paper mill sludge, while Hernandez-Apaolaza and others (2005) reported initial substrate EC between 8.2 and 9.3 mS cm -1 for substrates containing only 30% (by volume) composted sewage sludge. Exceedingly high substrate EC was not recorded during this experiment.…”