Response of microbial biomass to alternate moist and dry conditions in a soil incubated with 14C- and 15N-labelled plant material

Bottner, P.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(85)90070-7

Cited by 353 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Increasing soil matric potential caused the release of microbial C and N from intracellular solutes and cell lysis (Halverson et al 2000;Mikha et al 2005). This labile C and N could be utilized by soil microorganisms and induce the pulse of soil respiration (Bottner, 1985), which supports our findings of CO 2 emission peaks after each deposition event (Fig. 1c, d).…”

Section: Discussion N 2 O Co 2 and Nh 3 Emissions Affected By N Deposupporting

confidence: 86%

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Sun

Chen

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Both nitrogen (N) deposition and biochar can affect the emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) from different soils. Here, we have established a simulated wet N deposition experiment to investigate the effects of N deposition and biochar addition on N 2 O and CO 2 emissions and NH 3 volatilization from agricultural and forest soils. Repacked soil columns were subjected to six N deposition events over a 1-year period. N was applied at rates of 0 (N0), 60 (N60), and 120 (N120) kg Nh a −1 yr −1 without or with biochar (0 and 30 t ha). For agricultural soil, adding N increased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 29.8% and 99.1% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 53.4% more (p < 0.05) N 2 O than the N60 treatment; NH 3 volatilization increased by 33.6% and 91.9% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 43.6% more (p < 0.05) NH 3 than N60; cumulative CO 2 emissions were not influenced by N addition. For forest soil, adding N significantly increased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 141.2% (p < 0.05) and 323.0% (p < 0.05) from N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 75.4% more (p < 0.05) N 2 O than N60; NH 3 volatilization increased by 39.0% (p < 0.05) and 56.1% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and there was no obvious difference between N120 and N60 treatments; cumulative CO 2 emissions were not influenced by N addition. Biochar amendment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 20.2% and 25.5% from agricultural and forest soils, respectively, and increased CO 2 emissions slightly by 7.2% and NH 3 volatilization obviously by 21.0% in the agricultural soil, while significantly decreasing CO 2 emissions by 31.5% and NH 3 volatilization by 22.5% in the forest soil. These results suggest that N deposition would strengthen N 2 O and NH 3 emissions and have no effect on CO 2 emissions in both soils, and treatments receiving the higher N rate at N120 emitted obviously more N 2 O and NH 3 than the lower rate at N60. Under the simulated N deposition circumstances, biochar incorporation suppressed N 2 O emissions in both soils, and produced contrasting effects on CO 2 and NH 3 emissions, being enhanced in the agricultural soil while suppressed in the forest soil.

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Section: Discussion N 2 O Co 2 and Nh 3 Emissions Affected By N Deposupporting

confidence: 86%

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Sun

Chen

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…We expected that our simulated rainfall event would increase DOC due to increased organic matter leaching, breakup of soil aggregates, or release of labile C from dead or previously dry, live microorganisms (Bottner 1985, Halverson et al 2000, Fierer and Schimel 2003, Austin et al 2004). Instead, water additions decreased DOC by an average of 15%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rainfall induced "pulses" of resource availability stem from the reduction or alleviation of water limitation of plant and microbial processes, which increases C and N mineralization, mineral N pools, and nutrient supply to plant roots (Nye and Tinker 1977, Cui and Caldwell 1997, Austin et al 2004, Huxman et al 2004, Ford et al 2007). Rainfall events may also increase labile C and N pools by leaching soluble C and N from litter (Cleveland et al 2004), disrupting soil aggregates (Lundquist et al 1999, Austin et al 2004, or releasing nutrients from microbial biomass (from dead cells, cell lysis, and/or release of soluble compounds from live cells; Bottner 1985, Halverson et al 2000, Fierer and Schimel 2003, Austin et al 2004. Even small events may stimulate resource pulses: three millimeter events may support microbial activity and only slightly larger events can stimulate plant nutrient uptake and photosynthesis Lauenroth 1982, Schwinning andSala 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant phenology and life span influence soil pool dynamics: Bromus tectorum invasion of perennial C3–C4 grass communities

Adair

Burke

2010

Plant Soil

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In water-limited ecosystems, small rainfall events can have dramatic impacts on microbial activity and soil nutrient pools. Plant community phenology and life span also affect soil resources by determining the timing and quantity of plant nutrient uptake, storage, and release. Using the replacement of C 3 -C 4 perennial grasses by the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum as a case study, we investigated the influence of phenology and life span on pulse responses and sizes of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. We hypothesized that available and microbial C and N would respond to small rainfall events and that B. tectorum invasion would increase soil C and N pools by reducing inter-annual plant C and N storage and alter seasonal pool dynamics by changing the timing of plant uptake and litter inputs. We tested our hypotheses by simulating small rainfall events in B. tectorum and perennial grass communities three times during the growing season. Microbial pools responded strongly to soil moisture and simulated rainfall events, but labile C and N pools were affected weakly or not at all. All pools were larger beneath B. tectorum than perennial grasses. Soil C and N pools increased after senescence in both communities. Our results suggest that transforming a perennial into a B. tectorum dominated community increases the overall size of soil C and N pools by decreasing plant C and N storage and changes seasonal pool dynamics by altering dominant plant phenology. Our results indicate strong roles for water, life span and phenology in controlling soil C and N pools and begin to elucidate the biogeochemical effects of altering plant community phenology and life span.

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“…Thus, enhanced rates of CH 4 and DIC production may primarily be caused by enhanced substrate release due to redox-induced chemical breakdown and enhanced recycling of biomass (Aller, 1994;Kieft et al, 1987). Mineralization pulses after disturbance have also been observed in drying-wetting experiments with soils or as a result of regularly changing water tables (Aerts and Ludwig, 1997;Bottner, 1985;Clein and Schimel, 1994;Kieft et al, 1987), although they have not always led to an overall increase in C mineralization rates (Clein and Schimel, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-scale CO2 and CH4 dynamics in a peat soil during a water fluctuation and sulfate pulse

Blodau

Moore

2003

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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We investigated the response of CO 2 and CH 4 production to a water table fluctuation and a SO 4 22 pulse in a bog mesocosm. Net gas production rates in the mesocosm were calculated from concentration data by diffusive mass-balances. Incubation experiments were used to quantify the effect of SO 4 22 addition and the distribution of potential CO 2 and CH 4 production rates. Flooding of unsaturated peat resulted in rapid depletion of O 2 and complex patterns of net CH 4 , CO 2 , and H 2 S production. Methane production began locally and without a time lag at rates of 3 -4 nmol cm 23 d 21 deeper in the peat. Similar rates were determined after a time lag of 10 -60 days in the surface layers, whereas rates at lower depths declined. Net CO 2 production was largest immediately after the water . Our results suggest that deeper in the peat (40-70 cm) under in situ conditions, methanogenic populations are less impaired by unsaturated conditions than in the surface layers, and that at these depths after flooding the substrate availability for CH 4 and DIC production is significantly enhanced. They also suggest that methanogenic and SO 4 22 -reducing activity were non-competitive in the surface layer, which might explain contradictory findings from field studies. q

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Response of microbial biomass to alternate moist and dry conditions in a soil incubated with 14C- and 15N-labelled plant material

Cited by 353 publications

References 18 publications

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Plant phenology and life span influence soil pool dynamics: Bromus tectorum invasion of perennial C3–C4 grass communities

Micro-scale CO2 and CH4 dynamics in a peat soil during a water fluctuation and sulfate pulse

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Response of microbial biomass to alternate moist and dry conditions in a soil incubated with 14C- and 15N-labelled plant material

Cited by 353 publications

References 18 publications

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N2O, CO2and NH3from agricultural and forest soils

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N2O, CO2and NH3from agricultural and forest soils

Plant phenology and life span influence soil pool dynamics: Bromus tectorum invasion of perennial C3–C4 grass communities

Micro-scale CO2 and CH4 dynamics in a peat soil during a water fluctuation and sulfate pulse

Contact Info

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Resources

About

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils