Response of Perennial Cool‐Season Grasses to Clipping in the Southern Plains

Gillen, Robert L.; Berg, W. A.

doi:10.2134/agronj2005.0125

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…A noted problem with C 3 annuals is the necessity of timely rainfall (Malinkowski et al, 2005). In a dryer region of the southern Great Plains, Gillen and Berg (2005) also reported that productivity of C 3 perennial grasses declined with stand age. Except for Manska intermediate wheatgrass, initial harvest in early October each year provided over 1100 kg ha -1 , the amount necessary to optimize herbage intake by grazing animals (Rayburn, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C₃ Grasses in the Southern Great Plains

Coleman¹,

Rao

Volesky

et al. 2010

Crop Science

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Spring and fall gaps in forage production systems utilizing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) forage in the southern Great Plains have led to an interest in additional resources such as C3 perennial grasses. We evaluated the potential of nine cool‐season perennial grass entries to fill the gap in forage production and nutritive value through the fall and spring seasons over 3 yr in Oklahoma. Yield of dry matter and crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) concentrations were regressed on days to determine daily changes. Following excellent growth in the spring of the establishment year, yields in the fall were less and declined markedly in 1997. Spring growth achieved the minimum amount of forage (1100 kg ha−1) for good animal productivity, with most exceeding 2500 kg ha−1 by 1 February in the first 2 yr. In general, nutritive value (CP and IVOMD) declined with maturity, but most entries were adequate through March each year, but seldom exceeded minimum requirements for 1 kg steer gain d−1 When herbage was sequentially removed (staged), subsequent regrowth was not different due to month of staging through March of each year, after which yield was significantly reduced. When fall moisture was adequate for wheat pasture, wheat yield and nutritive value were higher than any perennial grass, but when moisture was limited, yields of wheatgrasses (Thinopyrum spp.) generally exceeded those of wheat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C₃ Grasses in the Southern Great Plains

Coleman¹,

Rao

Volesky

et al. 2010

Crop Science

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“…In the 1970s and 1980s, introduced cool-season but summer-active perennial grasses became an important source of high-quality forage to complement dual-purpose wheat and perennial warm-season C4 grass pastures, saving producers about US$100 ha −1 annually (Reuter and Horn 2002). Changing climatic conditions (Nielsen-Gammon 2011) is considered one reason for the increasing failure of these summer-active, introduced, coolseason perennial grasses which are at the margin of their zone of adaptation in these naturally C4 grass-dominated ecosystems (Malinowski et al 2003;Gillen and Berg 2005). As a result, improved cool-season perennial grasslands based on summer-active cultivars are short-lived and require frequent reestablishment, increasing the cost of winter forage for cattle and driving the search for alternative forage options.…”

Section: The Case Of the Southern Great Plains Of The Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant drought survival under climate change and strategies to improve perennial grasses. A review

Norton¹,

Malinowski²,

Volaire

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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The three cool-season perennial forage grasses cocksfoot/orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L., tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. syn. Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh., and phalaris/harding grass, Phalaris aquatica L., are of major economic and ecological importance in regions with summer-dry environments. This review considers the constraints that these species are likely to experience under current and predicted increase of droughts due to climate change scenarios in south-eastern Australia, the southern Great Plains of USA and the Western Mediterranean Basin. The review identifies research required to maximise the development and use of C3 cool-season grasses with enhanced resilience to drought while considering the concern of some regulators that these grasses may be potential weeds. The state of knowledge of factors influencing plant drought survival and therefore recovery after stress and long-term persistence is discussed in the light of adaptive strategies. The major research needs identified to enhance traits conferring drought survival include (1) increasing the depth and density of grass root systems to strengthen dehydration avoidance; (2) exploring the biochemical, molecular and hydraulic bases of dehydration tolerance and improving techniques to measure this trait; (3) breaking the trade-off between summer dormancy and forage yield potential and improving understanding of environmental, biochemical and genetic controls over summer dormancy; (4) identifying non-toxic endophyte strains compatible with summer-dormant cultivars of tall fescue to enhance drought survival; and (5) enhancing seed production capability of new cultivars as well as the development of agronomic management packages for promoting stable mixtures combining perennial grasses and legumes. The weed potential of newly introduced summer-dormant cultivars is concluded to be minor. The research directions proposed here should improve pasture grass resilience and forage crop sustainability in Mediterranean and temperate summer-dry environments under the future drier and warmer conditions associated with climate change.

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“…This limited occurrence of intermediate wheatgrass indicates it likely has a similar competitive ability to switchgrass. Monocultures of intermediate wheatgrass in Oklahoma were invaded by surrounding C 4 grasses after only three production years [23], supporting that it is less competitive than many of the native C 4 grasses, especially where precipitation is adequate. …”

Section: Big Bluestemmentioning

confidence: 93%

Grass Invasion into Switchgrass Managed for Biomass Energy

Mitchell

Vogel

2015

Bioenerg. Res.

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Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a C 4 perennial grass and is the model herbaceous perennial bioenergy feedstock. Although it is indigenous to North American grasslands east of the Rocky Mountains and has been planted for forage and conservation purposes for more than 75 years, there is concern that switchgrass grown as a biofuel crop could become invasive. Our objective is to report on the invasion of C 4 and C 3 grasses into the stands of two switchgrass cultivars following 10 years of management for biomass energy under different N and harvest management regimes in eastern Nebraska. Switchgrass stands were invaded by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), and other grasses during the 10 years. The greatest invasion by grasses occurred in plots to which 0 N had been applied and with harvests at anthesis. In general, less grass encroachment occurred in plots receiving at least 60 kg of N ha −1 or in plots harvested after frost. There were differences among cultivars with Cave-in-Rock being more resistant to invasion than Trailblazer. There was no observable evidence of switchgrass from this study invading into border areas or adjacent fields after 10 years of management for biomass energy. Results indicate that switchgrass is more likely to be invaded by other grasses than to encroach into native prairies or perennial grasslands seeded on marginally productive cropland in the western Corn Belt of the USA.

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Response of Perennial Cool‐Season Grasses to Clipping in the Southern Plains

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C₃ Grasses in the Southern Great Plains

Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C₃ Grasses in the Southern Great Plains

Plant drought survival under climate change and strategies to improve perennial grasses. A review

Grass Invasion into Switchgrass Managed for Biomass Energy

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Response of Perennial Cool‐Season Grasses to Clipping in the Southern Plains

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C3 Grasses in the Southern Great Plains

Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C3 Grasses in the Southern Great Plains

Plant drought survival under climate change and strategies to improve perennial grasses. A review

Grass Invasion into Switchgrass Managed for Biomass Energy

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Product

Resources

About

Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C₃ Grasses in the Southern Great Plains

Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C₃ Grasses in the Southern Great Plains