Response styles and negative affect among adolescents

Prospective associations of co-rumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination.

“…Consistent with research indicating that selfdisclosure is linked with high-quality friendships (e.g., Camarena, Sarigiani, & Peterson, 1990;Parker & Asher, 1993), co-rumination was positively related to having high-quality, close friendships. However, consistent with research indicating that solitary ruminating is related to emotional problems (e.g., Nolen-Hoeksema, Morrow, & Fredrickson, 1993;Nolen-Hoeksema, Parker, & Larson, 1994;Schwartz & Koenig, 1996), co-rumination also was related to higher internalizing symptoms (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms). This study also provided evidence of discriminant validity among the constructs of co-rumination, self-disclosure, and rumination.…”

The Consequences of Dysphoric Rumination

“…Although the majority of research on the relationship between rumination and negative mood has been focused on dysphoric or depressed affect, similar findings have been reported for other negative moods, such as anxiety (Fritz, 1999;Schwartz & Koenig, 1996;Segerstrom et al, 2000) and anger (Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998, Studies 1 and 3). Ruminative responses have also been found to be associated with clinically-significant psychiatric symptoms, including suicidal ideation (Eshun, 2000) and signs of post-traumatic stress (NolenHoeksema & Morrow, 1991).…”

“…Studies of naturally-occurring dysphoria (e.g., due to stress or traumatic life events) have further shown that people who habitually respond to their negative moods with passive, repetitive rumination report longer and more severe periods of dysphoria than those who manage their mood with pleasant, distracting activities , 1994, 1997Nolen-Hoeksema & C. G. Davis, 1999;NolenHoeksema, Larson, & Grayson, 1999;Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991;Roberts, Gilboa, & Gotlib, 1998;Schwartz & Koenig, 1996;Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000;Wood, Saltzberg, Neale, Stone, & Rachmiel, 1990). For example, Nolen-Hoeksema and colleagues have conducted several longitudinal studies of the response styles of bereaved individuals.…”

Subtypes of Rumination in Adolescence: Associations Between Brooding, Reflection, Depressive Symptoms, and Coping

“…Further, rumination has been linked with the onset of depressive episodes (Just & Alloy, 1997) and predicts the severity of depression among clinical samples (Just & Alloy, 1997;Kuehner & Weber, 1999). Of the few studies that have examined rumination among adolescents, evidence for an association between rumination and depression is mixed (Abela, Vanderbilt, & Rochon, 2004;Grant & Compas, 1995;Hart & Thompson, 1996;Schwartz & Koenig, 1996), and the absence of longitudinal data has made predictive relations ambiguous. We hypothesized that rumination would prospectively predict levels of depressive symptoms and would mediate the link between initial and subsequent levels of depression.…”

“…Among children and adolescents there is equivocal evidence for the gender difference in rumination. A number of studies have found that girls ruminate more than do boys (Broderick, 1998;Grant & Compas, 1995;Hart & Thompson, 1996;Schwartz & Koenig, 1996;Ziegert & Kistner, 2002), but a subset of those studies failed to support the hypothesis that such differences would account for gender differences in depressive symptoms (e.g., Grant & Compas, 1995;Schwartz & Koenig, 1996). In addition, several studies have not found gender differences in rumination among children and adolescents (Abela et al, 2004;Broderick & Korteland, 2004).…”