Response-Time Variability Is Related to Parent Ratings of Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Executive Function

Gomez-Guerrero, Lorena; Martín, Cristina Domínguez; Mairena, María Ángeles; Martino, Adriana Di; Wang, Jing; Mendelsohn, Alan L.; Dreyer, Benard P.; Isquith, Peter Κ.; Gioia, Gérard A.; Petkova, Eva

doi:10.1177/1087054709356379

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Variation in RT has been hypothesized to reflect several different psychological processes including attention regulation, sustained attention, the detection of response conflict, effort, and arousal (Li et al, 2009; Gomez-Guerrero et al, 2011; Bora et al, 2006; Weissman et al, 2006; Prado and Weissman, 2011; Chee et al, 2008; Whyte et al, 1995). It is also important to note that several studies have shown a relationship between time spent on task and activation, particularly in the posterior/dorsal medial frontal cortex (Grinband et al, 2011; Weissman and Carp, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ISVRT is a developmentally-important phenomenon; it decreases from childhood through young adulthood (Williams et al, 2005, 2007; Dykiert et al, 2012; Li et al, 2009, 2004; Tamnes et al, 2012), paralleling the behavioral development of executive functions such as attention and self-regulation (Gomez-Guerrero et al, 2011), as well as structural brain development within the frontal lobes (Marsh et al, 2008; Giedd, 2004; Gogtay et al, 2004). Further, atypical ISVRT is associated with developmental disorders of executive control linked to atypical brain development (Bora et al, 2006; Leth-Steensen et al, 2000; Kaiser et al, 2008; Adleman et al, 2014, 2012; Brotman et al, 2009; Castellanos et al, 2005; Epstein et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related differences in the neural correlates of trial-to-trial variations of reaction time

Adleman

Chen

Reynolds

et al. 2016

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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Intra-subject variation in reaction time (ISVRT) is a developmentally-important phenomenon that decreases from childhood through young adulthood in parallel with the development of executive functions and networks. Prior work has shown a significant association between trial-by-trial variations in reaction time (RT) and trial-by-trial variations in brain activity as measured by the blood-oxygenated level-dependent (BOLD) response in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. It remains unclear, however, whether such “RT-BOLD” relationships vary with age. Here, we determined whether such trial-by-trial relationships vary with age in a cross-sectional design. We observed an association between age and RT-BOLD relationships in 11 clusters located in visual/occipital regions, frontal and parietal association cortex, precentral/postcentral gyrus, and thalamus. Some of these relationships were negative, reflecting increased BOLD associated with decreased RT, manifesting around the time of stimulus presentation and positive several seconds later. Critically for present purposes, all RT-BOLD relationships increased with age. Thus, RT-BOLD relationships may reflect robust, measurable changes in the brain-behavior relationship across development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related differences in the neural correlates of trial-to-trial variations of reaction time

Adleman

Chen

Reynolds

et al. 2016

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Only a few exceptions exist, with some reporting greater RTV among children with ADHD-Combined Type compared with ADHD-Inattentive Type on certain tasks [41]. Where relations between RTV and the ADHD symptom domains have been examined, RTV has correlated with measures of behavioral inattention [48,52,53] but has also been found to correlate with hyperactivityimpulsivity in a minority of studies (for more detail, see Gomez-Guerrero et al [54]). In a study examining whether RTV was specifically correlated with individual ADHD symptoms (e.g., short attention span), significant relations were observed between RTV and all 18 ADHD symptoms, suggesting no specificity between RTVand specific ADHD behaviors [55].…”

Section: Behavioral Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review

et al. 2012

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For the past decade, intra-individual variability in reaction times on computerized tasks has become a central focus of cognitive research on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Numerous studies document increased reaction time variability among children and adults with ADHD, relative to typically developing controls. However, direct comparisons with other disorders with heightened reaction time variability are virtually nonexistent, despite their potential to inform our understanding of the phenomenon. A growing literature examines the sensitivity of reaction time variability to theoretically and clinically relevant manipulations. There is strong evidence that stimulus treatment reduces reaction time variability during a range of cognitive tasks, but the literature is mixed regarding the impact of motivational incentives and variation in stimulus event rate. Most studies of reaction time variability implicitly assume that heightened reaction time variability reflects occasional lapses in attention, and the dominant neurophysiological interpretation suggests this variability is linked to intrusions of task-negative brain network activity during task performance. Work examining the behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of reaction time variability provides some support for these hypotheses, but considerably more work is needed in this area. Finally, because conclusions from each of domains reviewed are limited by the wide range of measures used to measure reaction time variability, this review highlights the need for increased attention to the cognitive and motivational context in which variability is assessed and recommends that future work always supplement macro-level variability indices with metrics that isolate particular components of reaction time variability.

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“…Other studies have revealed reduced RI in ADHD patients, reflecting both increased rate of commission and omission errors as well as increased reaction time (RT) variability (Gomez-Guerrero et al 2011;Vaurio et al 2009). These neuropsychological measures provided only an estimate of compromised RI in ADHD patients because the actual brain activity has not been analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory brain activation in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder during a simplified Go/No-go task

Lei

Jin

et al. 2011

J Neural Transm

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Given that a number of recent studies have shown attenuated brain activation in prefrontal regions in children with ADHD, it has been recognized as a disorder in executive function. However, fewer studies have focused exclusively on the compensatory brain activation in ADHD. The present study objective was to investigate the compensatory brain activation patterns during response inhibition (RI) processing in ADHD children. In this study, 15 ADHD children and 15 sex-, age-, and IQ-matched control children were scanned with a 3-T MRI equipment while performing a simplified letter Go/No-go task. The results showed more brain activation in the ADHD group compared with the control group, whereas the accuracy and reaction time of behavioral performance were the same. Children with ADHD did not activate the normal RI brain circuits, which are thought to be predominantly located in the right middle/inferior frontal gyrus (BA46/44), right inferior parietal regions (BA40), and pre-SMA(BA6), but instead, activated brain regions, such as the left inferior frontal cortex, the right inferior temporal cortex, the right precentral gyrus, the left postcentral gyrus, the inferior occipital cortex, the middle occipital cortex, the right calcarine, the right hippocampus, the right midbrain, and the cerebellum. Our conclusion is that children with ADHD tend to compensatorily use more posterior and diffusive brain regions to sustain normal RI function.

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Response-Time Variability Is Related to Parent Ratings of Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Executive Function

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Age-related differences in the neural correlates of trial-to-trial variations of reaction time

Age-related differences in the neural correlates of trial-to-trial variations of reaction time

Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review

Compensatory brain activation in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder during a simplified Go/No-go task

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