Response to alcohol in females with a paternal history of alcoholism

Evans, Suzette M.; Levin, Frances R.

doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1474-2

Cited by 27 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Several studies support our finding that performance in the DAT, PVT and PBT is sensitive to low or moderate BACs (e.g., Evans and Levin, 2003, 2004; Howard et al 2007; Leung et al 2012; McCaul et al 2000; Moskowitz and Robinson 1988; Moskowitz and Florentino 2000; Ogden and Moskowitz 2004; Roehrs et al 2003). Furthermore, the failure of the CST to show any effects of alcohol is in line with recent findings that performance in a similar test (i.e., TMT - part B) was only impaired at a very high BAC (i.e., 1.2 g/L), but not at lower BACs (i.e., 0.5 and 0.8 g/L) as used in the present study (Dry et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Finally, our finding that the DSST shows impairment at a BAC of 0.8 g/L, but not below is in line with most previous studies. All studies have shown impairment at BACs of 0.8 g/L or more, but results are not consistent at BACs between 0.4 and 0.6 g/L ( Brasser et al 2004; Brumback et al 2007; Dumont et al, 2008; Evans and Levin 2003, 2004; Holdstock and de Wit 2001; King and Byars 2004; McCaul et al 2000). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

et al. 2014

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RationaleMedication and illicit drugs can have detrimental side effects which impair driving performance. A drug’s impairing potential should be determined by well-validated, reliable, and sensitive tests and ideally be calibrated by benchmark drugs and doses. To date, no consensus has been reached on the issue of which psychometric tests are best suited for initial screening of a drug’s driving impairment potential.ObjectiveThe aim of this alcohol calibration study is to determine which performance tests are useful to measure drug-induced impairment. The effects of alcohol are used to compare the psychometric quality between tests and as benchmark to quantify performance changes in each test associated with potentially impairing drug effects.MethodsTwenty-four healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, four-way crossover study. Treatments were placebo and three different doses of alcohol leading to blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 g/L.ResultsMain effects of alcohol were found in most tests. Compared with placebo, performance in the Divided Attention Test (DAT) was significantly impaired after all alcohol doses and performance in the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) and the Balance Test was impaired with a BAC of 0.5 and 0.8 g/L. The largest effect sizes were found on postural balance with eyes open and mean reaction time in the divided attention and the psychomotor vigilance test.ConclusionsThe preferable tests for initial screening are the DAT and the PVT, as these tests were most sensitive to the impairing effects of alcohol and being considerably valid in assessing potential driving impairment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

et al. 2014

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“…The findings are consistent with most previous data on daughters of alcoholics. These earlier investigations often involved small samples (e.g., Evans and Levin, 2003;Lex et al, 1988Lex et al, , 1994Savoie et al, 1988;, or evaluated the similarity between sons and daughters of alcoholics without directly comparing FHP and FHN women (e.g., Schuckit et al, 2004). While these studies indicated that a low LR was more likely to be observed in FHP compared to FHN women, this is the first investigation to support this conclusion where the women were carefully matched on variables that may affect LR (e.g., age, drinking history), while also minimizing the effect of other factors that are possibly related to the risk for AUDs (e.g., Asian background).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the daughters of alcoholics had a trend for lower subjective ratings of intoxication and less alcohol-induced body sway than FHN women, however, reflecting the small number of FHNs, these group differences were not significant . Most recently, a larger scale evaluation of 16 pairs of FHP and FHN women matched on age, race, level of education, and current and lifetime patterns of drug use, found that the FHPs had significantly lower LRs to alcohol for the DSST, but were more impaired on immediate digit recall (Evans and Levin, 2003). The FHNs tended to be more impaired on observer ratings of intoxication and on a balance task, although these differences were not significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The level of response to alcohol in daughters of alcoholics and controls

Eng

Schuckit

Smith

2005

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: The low level of response (LR) to alcohol is a genetically influenced characteristic related to the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). This phenotype is found in men with a family history (FH) of alcoholism, predicts future AUDs, and has heritabilities as high as 60%. However, despite evidence of genetic influences for AUDs in both sexes, the majority of studies evaluating differences in LR across high-and low-risk groups have been conducted on males, and it is unclear how generalizable these results are to women. Methods: Twenty-five women who are family history positive (FHP) for alcohol dependence were matched with 25 women with no FH of alcoholism (FHN) on factors that may impact LR. Using an alcohol challenge paradigm, data on the reaction to a moderate dose of alcohol were gathered over a period of 3.5 h. Assessments included breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs), the Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS), as well as body sway or static ataxia. Results: Family history positives reported lower subjective intoxication than FHNs. In addition, when body sway scores were corrected for skewness, FHPs had significantly lower scores on alcohol-related changes in lateral sway. These differences remained after considering the effects of drinking history and BrAC values. Conclusions: This study evaluated the LR to alcohol in the largest sample of alcohol challenges in matched FHP and FHN women to date. Overall, the findings are consistent with most data from earlier investigations of smaller sized samples of FHP women. The results suggest that, similar to sons of alcoholics, a low LR to alcohol might also be characteristic of daughters of alcoholics.

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“…It should be noted, however, that several studies have failed to find clear support for either (e.g. [14]), have reported null findings (e.g. [15]), and have identified potential confounding factors such as drinking history (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Postoperative Pain

Petrakis¹,

Kerfoot

Pittman³

et al. 2011

J Anesth Clin Res

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Background The development of alcohol use disorders is genetically influenced, and may be mediated through differences in the subjective response to alcohol. There is some evidence to suggest that response differences to alcohol could be conveyed by heritable differences in GABAA receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individuals with a family history positive (FHP) for alcohol dependence would experience alterations in response to the GABAA receptor agonist thiopental, in comparison to family history negative (FHN) subjects. Methods 73 subjects (24 FHP and 49 FHN) between the ages of 21 and 30 years were administered sub-anesthetic doses of the GABAA receptor agonist thiopental and placebo on two separate test days. Various alcohol-related measures were administered, including those examining subjective effects, coordination, and cognition. Results Sub-anesthetic doses of thiopental produced alcohol-like subjective effects, as well as alcohol-like impaired coordination and cognition in healthy subjects. While there were no significant main effects in subjective, coordination, or cognitive effects between FHP and FHN individuals, analysis of peak effects suggested FHP had blunted sedative, but not stimulant effects compared to FHN. Conclusion Thiopental produced alcohol-like effects and perceived similarities to alcohol in healthy individuals. Subtle differences in sedative effects are consistent with reports of blunted FHP response to the negative but not stimulant effects of alcohol. Future studies are needed to better understand how this insight informs our understanding of the heritable risk for alcoholism and the treatment of alcohol use disorders.

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Response to alcohol in females with a paternal history of alcoholism

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

The level of response to alcohol in daughters of alcoholics and controls

Acute Postoperative Pain

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