Response to Questions Posed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service: Enhancing Salmonella Control in Poultry Products

doi:10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100168

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…There is substantial evidence that the >2,600 Salmonella serotypes can differ in virulence and public health risk (Fierer & Guiney, 2001; Grimont & Weill, 2007; Jones et al, 2008) with clear genomic and epidemiologic data that isolates representing some serotypes and clades show a substantially lower or higher risk of causing human illness (Fenske et al, 2023; Teunis, 2022). However, no previously published poultry QMRA adequately modeled risk comparing factors including prevalence and level with a comprehensive treatment of serotype-specific DR model (NACMCF, 2024).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another process control strategy can be serotype-specific control strategies. One commonly used example is the vaccination of live birds in poultry houses against one or a few high-virulent serotypes, e.g., Typhimurium (Dórea et al, 2010; NACMCF, 2024; Hofacre et al, 2021). The U.S. has seen a substantial decrease in infections caused by Typhimurium and Heidelberg last 20 years and this seems to match with the timing when commercial poultry vaccines against Typhimurium became available (NACMCF, 2024).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One commonly used example is the vaccination of live birds in poultry houses against one or a few high-virulent serotypes, e.g., Typhimurium (Dórea et al, 2010; NACMCF, 2024; Hofacre et al, 2021). The U.S. has seen a substantial decrease in infections caused by Typhimurium and Heidelberg last 20 years and this seems to match with the timing when commercial poultry vaccines against Typhimurium became available (NACMCF, 2024). Another example could be preharvest lotting strategies, where one would test incoming flocks for high-virulent serotypes and apply additional risk reduction measures to those flocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regulation based on Salmonella prevalence does not appear to have adequately reduced human illness cases attributed to poultry, so there is a shift toward considering the risk of high levels of contamination and different risk presented by contamination by individual serotypes, to inform potential risk management strategies (NACMCF, 2024). Studies of the Salmonella dose-response (DR) relationship indicated that outbreaks are often associated with higher doses causing a higher attack rate (Teunis et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Risk assessment predicts most of the salmonellosis risk in raw chicken parts is concentrated in those few products with high-levels of high-virulent serotypes ofSalmonella

Kim,

Barnett-Neefs,

Chavez

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Salmonellaprevalence has reduced in U.S. raw poultry products since adopting prevalence-basedSalmonellaperformance standards, but human illnesses did not reduce proportionally. We used Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment to evaluate public health risks of raw chicken parts contaminated with different levels of allSalmonellaand specific high- and low-virulent serotypes. LognormalSalmonellalevel distributions were fitted using data from 2012 USDA-FSIS Baseline Survey and 2023 USDA-FSIS HACCP verification sampling data. Three different dose-response (DR) models were used: Single DR for all serotypes, reduced virulence for Kentucky, multiple serotype- specific DR models. All scenarios found risk concentrated in the few products with highSalmonellalevels. Using a single DR model with Baseline data (μ=-3.19, σ=1.29), 68% and 37% of illnesses were attributed to the 0.7% and 0.06% of products > 1 and 10 CFU/gSalmonella, respectively. More recent HACCP data (μ=-4.85, σ=2.44) showed that 99.9% and 99.6% of illnesses were attributed to the 2.3% and 0.8% of products > 1 and 10 CFU/gSalmonella, respectively. Scenarios with serotype-specific DR models showed more concentrated risk at higher levels. Baseline data showed 91.5% and 63.7% and HACCP data showed >99.9% and 99.9% of illnesses were attributed to products > 1 and 10 CFU/gSalmonella, respectively. Regarding serotypes, 0.003% and 0.3% of illnesses were attributed to the 0.2% and 0.7% of products with > 1 CFU/g of Kentucky, respectively, while 69% and 78.7% of illnesses were attributed to the 0.3% and 1.2% of products > 1 CFU/g containing either Enteritidis, Infantis, or Typhimurium using Baseline or HACCP input data, respectively. These results suggest public health risk in chicken parts is concentrated in the few finished products with high-levels and specifically high- levels of high-virulent serotypes. Low-virulent serotypes, such as Kentucky, are predicted to contribute to extremely few human cases.

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