Response to Salt Stress in Lettuce: Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities

Shin, Yu Kyeong; Bhandari, Shiva Ram; Jo, Jung Su; Song, Jae Woo; Cho, Myeong Cheoul; Yang, Eun Young; Lee, Jun Gu

doi:10.3390/agronomy10111627

Cited by 101 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As a contrast result, salinity stress slightly increased chlorophyll content in some barley seedlings. This finding is agreement with the results reported in cotton (Higbie et al 2010), sunflower (Heidari et al 2014, Thellungiella sals (Goussi et al 2018), and lettuce (Shin et al 2020). It has been reported that increasing salt solutions in leaf tissue decreases leaf area index and leads to increase in specific leaf weight (Sohan et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Chlorophyll as a green-colored pigment is a vital component of the photosynthetic apparatus, and its role in capturing light energy, energy transduction, and stabilization of membranes has been investigated extensively (Porcar-Castell et al 2014;Shah et al 2017;Shin et al 2020;Abrar et al 2020). The relative chlorophyll content is likely to decline under salt treatment compared with control condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MGIDI and WAASB indices: The useful approaches for selection of salt-tolerant barley genotype at the early growth and maturity stages

Pour-Aboughadareh¹,

Sanjani²,

Chaman-Abad³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Salinity stress is one of the major limiting abiotic stresses that decrease crop production worldwide. To recommend genotypes for cultivation under saline stress conditions, comprehensive understanding of genetic basis and plant responses to this stress is need. In the present study, a total of 20 barley genotypes were investigated to isolate potential salt-tolerant genotypes at the early growth stage using hydroponic system, and adult plant under field conditions. Different growth and physiological traits including root fresh and dry weights (RFW and RDW), shoot fresh and dry weights (SFW and SDW), relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), root and shoot Na+ (RN and SN), root and shoot K+ (RK and SK), root and shoot K+:Na+ ratios (RKN and SKN), root-to-shoot Na+ translocation (RTSN), root-to-shoot K+ translocation (RTSK), stomatal conductance (GS), transpiration rate (TE), and photosynthesis rate (PN) were measured. Barley seedling were treated with two salinity levels (0 mM NaCl (as control conditions) and 200 mM NaCl (as stress conditions)) for 30 days. Moreover, the yield performance and stability of investigated barley genotypes were evaluated across five environments during the 2018–2020 cropping seasons. Salinity stress significantly decreased growth and physiological traits in all seedling plants; however, some salt-tolerant genotypes showed the lowest reduction in measured traits. Multivariate analysis grouped measured traits and tested genotypes into different clusters. The multi-trait genotype–ideotype distance index (MGIDI) selected genotypes G12, G14, G6, G7, and G16 as the salt-tolerant barley genotypes. Considering the results of the AMMI analysis showed that grain yields of tested barley genotypes were influenced by environment (E), genotype (G) and GE interaction effects. Based on the weighted average of absolute scores of the genotype index (WAASB) and other stability statistics, G7, G8, G14, and G16 were selected as superior genotypes. Considering the outputs of MGIDI and WAASB indices revealed that three genotypes G7, G14 and G16 can be recommended as new genetic resources for improving and stabilizing grain yield in barley programs for the moderate climate and saline regions of Iran. In conclusion, our results suggest that the using MGIDI index in the early growth stage can accelerate screening nurseries in barley breeding programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MGIDI and WAASB indices: The useful approaches for selection of salt-tolerant barley genotype at the early growth and maturity stages

Pour-Aboughadareh¹,

Sanjani²,

Chaman-Abad³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Various factors can influence optical properties of chlorophyll as well as other pigments, making the overall absorption, reflectance and fluorescence signals of plants and leaves to act as valuable intrinsic biomarkers exploitable for various studies. Investigations can vary from the basic mechanisms of photosynthetic processes to the noninvasive characterization of leaf growing or plant adaptation to stress inducing factors such as changes in light irradiation and soil components, for applications ranging from industry and farming to environmental surveillance [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Croce

2021

Photochem

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Organisms belonging to all life kingdoms may have the natural capacity to fluoresce. Autofluorescence events depend on the presence of natural biomolecules, namely endogenous fluorophores, with suitable chemical properties in terms of conjugated double bonds, aromatic or more complex structures with oxidized and crosslinked bonds, ensuring an energy status able to permit electronic transitions matching with the energy of light in the UV-visible-near-IR spectral range. Emission of light from biological substrates has been reported since a long time, inspiring unceasing and countless studies. Early notes on autofluorescence of vegetables have been soon followed by attention to animals. Investigations on full living organisms from the wild environment have been driven prevalently by ecological and taxonomical purposes, while studies on cells, tissues and organs have been mainly promoted by diagnostic aims. Interest in autofluorescence is also growing as a sensing biomarker in food production and in more various industrial processes. The associated technological advances have supported investigations ranging from the pure photochemical characterization of specific endogenous fluorophores to their possible functional meanings and biological relevance, making fluorescence a valuable intrinsic biomarker for industrial and diagnostic applications, in a sort of real time, in situ biochemical analysis. This review aims to provide a wide-ranging report on the most investigated natural fluorescing biomolecules, from microorganisms to plants and animals of different taxonomic degrees, with their biological, environmental or biomedical issues relevant for the human health. Hence, some notes in the different sections dealing with different biological subject are also interlaced with human related issues. Light based events in biological subjects have inspired an almost countless literature, making it almost impossible to recall here all associated published works, forcing to apologize for the overlooked reports. This Review is thus proposed as an inspiring source for Readers, addressing them to additional literature for an expanded information on specific topics of more interest.

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“…Moreover, an electrical conductivity of 3.8 and especially 4.8 mS cm −1 in the nutrient solution was able to enhance the properties of fresh-cut lettuce, reducing respiration, browning phenomena, the decay process, and prolonging its shelf life [32]. Therefore, while a mild salinity, 5 mM < [NaCl] < 30 mM, can exert beneficial effects with a minimal impact on lettuce growth and biomass, high salinity concentrations (NaCl > 30 mM) can limit plant growth and development by affecting ions and water uptake, thus causing oxidative stress with a consequent negative impact on photosynthesis, growth/yield, and quality [33]. Obviously, a low NaCl concentration (NaCl~5mM), does not affect growth and biomass and does not elicit a defence response [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated Salinity Eustress in a Floating Hydroponic Module of Sequentially Harvested Lettuce Modulates Phytochemical Constitution, Plant Resilience, and Post-Harvest Nutraceutical Quality

et al. 2021

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A mild salinity stress (eustress) may modulate the induction of the plant defense system in horticultural crops and the synthesis of phytochemical components able to enhance plant resilience, post-harvest performance, and the nutraceutical quality of produce. However, the choice of the correct eustress type and dose to induce the synthesis of these protective phytochemicals is pivotal to avoid potential interference with plant growth and productivity. In order to study how green and red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants equilibrate the nutritional and nutraceutical components of quality with yield components, we applied iso-osmotic concentrations of three different salts (20 mM NaCl, 20 mM KCl, and 13.3 mM CaCl2, with a final total ionic concentration of 40 mM) in combination with two successive harvests in a floating raft system. The biometric parameters, mineral composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of both cultivars were analyzed. The green cultivar had a superior response concerning biometric traits and productivity compared to the red one during the first cut but lower phytochemical content (e.g., ascorbic acid). The effect of cut order, independently of cultivar and salinity treatments, demonstrated that at the first harvest plants could redirect metabolism by increasing the lipophilic antioxidant content (LAA) at the expense of plant yield, therefore increasing plant resilience and post-harvest nutraceutical quality; whereas, at the second harvest, plants reverted principally to tissue expansion. The treatments with iso-osmotic salt concentrations did not affect K and Mg ion contents but further increased LAA and resulted only in a moderate decrease of fresh yield. The lettuce nitrate content was reduced during the second cut only when lettuce plants were treated with NaCl and especially CaCl2.

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Response to Salt Stress in Lettuce: Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities

Cited by 101 publications

References 57 publications

MGIDI and WAASB indices: The useful approaches for selection of salt-tolerant barley genotype at the early growth and maturity stages

MGIDI and WAASB indices: The useful approaches for selection of salt-tolerant barley genotype at the early growth and maturity stages

Light and Autofluorescence, Multitasking Features in Living Organisms

Regulated Salinity Eustress in a Floating Hydroponic Module of Sequentially Harvested Lettuce Modulates Phytochemical Constitution, Plant Resilience, and Post-Harvest Nutraceutical Quality

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