Response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and antibodies persistence in multiple myeloma patients

Abstract

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Genotypic identification of polyclonal plasma cells in plasma cell dyscrasias shows an aberrant single-cell phenotype with clinical implications

“…Produc(on of polyclonal immunoglobulins in pa(ents with plasma cell dyscrasias is impaired to variable extents. Par(cularly, reduc(on in the produc(on of uninvolved immunoglobulins is seen as a risk factor for progression in asymptoma(c condi(ons 31,40 , and as a risk factor for survival and infec(ons in MM, where it also predicts lower response to vaccina(on 41,42 . Our unique dataset allowed us to specifically characterize the transcrip(onal profiles of pPCs in samples with and without immunoparesis, defined as the decrease of one or more of the uninvolved immunoglobulin classes 31 .…”

Vaccinations in hematological patients in the era of target therapies: Lesson learnt from SARS-CoV-2

“…Regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, multiple myeloma (MM) patients displayed a reduced immune response compared to the general population [ 84 ] ( Table 6 ). One of the major predictors of seroconversion was disease control (partial or complete remission) at the time of vaccination [ [85] , [86] , [87] ]. Nevertheless, anti-CD38 moAbs were associated with lower seroconversion rate in comparison to other anti-myeloma treatments (50% versus 92.9% respectively) in several reports [ 74 , 87 ].…”

“…One of the major predictors of seroconversion was disease control (partial or complete remission) at the time of vaccination [ [85] , [86] , [87] ]. Nevertheless, anti-CD38 moAbs were associated with lower seroconversion rate in comparison to other anti-myeloma treatments (50% versus 92.9% respectively) in several reports [ 74 , 87 ]. Similarly, treatment with the anti-BCMA belantamab mafodotin was negatively associated with seroconversion, despite the small number of patients [ 88 ].…”

“…Similarly, treatment with the anti-BCMA belantamab mafodotin was negatively associated with seroconversion, despite the small number of patients [ 88 ]. Lower baseline immunoglobulins, lymphocyte count, and treatment with steroids were identified as additional negative factors [ 27 , 84 ], as well as the number of previous line therapies [ 9 , 87 , 89 , 90 ]. Booster doses were associated with improving responses ( Table 6 ) [ 91 , 92 ].…”

“…2018 [ 97 ] Lenalidomide after ASCT Multiple myeloma HAV vaccine 91 55% Palazzo M, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 [ 97 ] Lenalidomide after ASCT Multiple myeloma HBV vaccine 91 48% Greenberg RS, BMC Cancer 2021 [ 91 ] IMiDs Multiple myeloma SARS-CoV2 vaccine 21 95% Terpos E, Blood Cancer J 2021 [ 88 ] IMiDs-based regimens Multiple myeloma SARS-CoV2 vaccine 125 74% 1) Treatment with Belantamab mafodotin or anti-CD38 moAbs 2) Lymphopenia Terpos E, Blood 2021 [ 86 ] IMiD-based regimens Multiple myeloma SARS-CoV2 vaccine 23 25% Bird S, Lancet Haematol 2021 [ 90 ] IMiD-based regimens Multiple myeloma SARS-CoV2 vaccine 44 45% 1) Active disease 2) Immunoparesis 3) More previous lines of therapy Bird S, Lancet Haematol 2021 [ 90 ] IMiD-based regimens Multiple myeloma SARS-CoV2 vaccine 44 45% 1) Active disease 2) Immunoparesis 3) More previous lines of therapy Pimpinelli F, J Hematol Oncol 2021 [ 74 ] IMiDs-based regimen Multiple myeloma SARS-CoV2 vaccine 19 92.9% Pettine L, Hematol Oncol 2022 [ 87 ] IMIDs-based regimens Multiple myeloma SARS-CoV2 vaccine 88 85% 1) Active disease 2) Older age 3) >2 prior therapy lines Marasco V, BJH 2022 [ 25 ] …”