Responses of beef calves to long-term heat stress exposure by evaluating growth performance, physiological, blood and behavioral parameters

Kim, Won-Seob; Peng, Dong Qiao; Jo, Yong Ho; Lee, Hong Gu; Lee, Hong-Gu

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103033

Cited by 24 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Dairy cows exposed to climate above the threshold THI (mean THI = 82.4) showed hyperthermia, tachypnea, and a significant reduction in DMI 27 . In calves, HS also reduced DMI and ADG 21 , 28 . Similar to the findings of previous studies, our current results showed that the beef calves exposed to HS decreased DMI and ADG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Blood samples were collected every three days (d1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28) at 1400 h from jugular venepuncture using non-heparinized vacutainers (20 mL; Becton–Dickinson, Belliver Industrial Estate, PL6 7BP, Plymouth, UK) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated vacutainers (4 mL; Becton–Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) 21 . Serum samples were obtained from blood after centrifugation at 2700× g at 4 °C for 15 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of different protein levels on growth performance and stress parameters in beef calves under heat stress

Kim

Nejad

Peng

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This study investigated the effects of dietary protein levels under various heat stress (HS) conditions on the growth performance and stress parameters in Korean native beef calves. Male calves (n = 40; initial BW = 202.2 ± 3.31 kg) were randomly assigned to climatic-controlled chambers with 3 × 3 factorial arrangements. Calves were assigned into three dietary protein levels (low protein; LP = 12.5%, medium protein; MP = 15%, and high protein; HP = 17.5%) and three HS levels [mild: temperature-humidity index (THI) = 74 to 76, moderate: THI = 81 to 83, and severe: THI = 89 to 91] with control (threshold: THI = 70 to 73 and dietary protein level 12.5%). The calves were subjected to ambient temperature (22 °C) for 7 days and subsequently to the temperature and humidity corresponding to the target THI level for 21 days. The data were analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis by the GLM procedure of SAS. As a result, average daily gain (ADG) was decreased (P < 0.05) under severe HS level compared to the mild and moderate HS stress levels. However, HP increased ADG (P < 0.05) than moderate levels (LP) and severe levels (LP and MP). Under different HS levels (mild, moderate, and severe), HR, RT, and blood cortisol were increased (P < 0.05) compared to a threshold level, but no differences were observed in the parameters among various protein levels. Varied HS levels decreased the levels of blood glucose, NEFA, and amino acids (AAs) (lysine and glutamic acid) compared to a threshold (P < 0.05). But, the HP group resulted in increased (P < 0.05) levels of blood glucose, NEFA, and AAs (lysine and glutamic acid) compared to LP and MP groups under severe HS stress. The expression level of the HSP70 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and hair follicles was increased (P < 0.05) following an increase in moderate and severe HS levels. Also, HSP70 gene expression in the HP group was decreased (P < 0.05) compared with LP and MP groups under intense HS level. Overall, HS in Korean native beef calves exhibited negative effects on ADG, blood glucose, NEFA, and AA profile. However, 17.5% of dietary protein (HP) could compensate for the growth of heat-exposed Korean native beef calves through the regulation of homeostasis by protein and energy metabolism. Also, it was evident that adequate protein (HP) is used as a major nutrient for HSP70 synthesis in PBMC and hair follicles causing, a boost in the immune system of heat-exposed Korean native beef calves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different protein levels on growth performance and stress parameters in beef calves under heat stress

Kim

Nejad

Peng

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Temperature and humidity above the thermal neutral zone may increase the likelihood of heat stress (HS), resulting in animals’ physiological changes [ 1 , 2 ]. HS can impact the growth, lactation, reproduction, and welfare of most livestock animals such as beef [ 2 , 3 ], dairy [ 1 , 4 ], and poultry [ 5 ]. Among them, beef cattle are especially vulnerable to HS because they lack the ability to dissipate heat sufficiently [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavior and metabolic changes have been observed to maintain homeothermy in beef cattle, often at the expense of productivity and profitability [ 7 , 8 ]. External indicators such as heart rate, respiration rate, core body temperature, and behavior are commonly used to determine the damage caused by thermal stress [ 2 , 3 , 9 ]. However, these traditional parameters are often indirect and variable depending on the animal’s physical status and environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it has been observed that due to decreased feed intake and alterations in a number of physiological parameters, HS had an impact on the metabolism of carbohydrates, AAs, and lipid in beef cattle [ 12 , 17 ] and dairy cows [ 14 , 16 , 18 ]. According to earlier research with Hanwoo calves, HS can have serious impacts on physiological parameters and growth performance [ 2 , 3 , 19 ]. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted to investigate the metabolic changes associated with HS during a growing stage (5 to 6 months old).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Metabolic Pathways of Different Levels of Heat Stress in Beef Calves

Kim

Lee

2022

IJMS

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Heat stress (HS) damages the global beef industry by reducing growth performance causing high economic losses each year. However, understanding the physiological mechanisms of HS in Hanwoo calves remains elusive. The objective of this study was to identify the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways involving different levels of heat stress in Hanwoo calves. Data were collected from sixteen Hanwoo bull calves (169.6 ± 4.6 days old, BW of 136.9 ± 6.2 kg), which were maintained at four designated ranges of HS according to the temperature–humidity index (THI) including: threshold (22 to 24 °C, 60%; THI = 70 to 73), mild (26 to 28 °C, 60%; THI = 74 to 76), moderate (29 to 31 °C, 80%; THI = 81 to 83), and severe (32 to 34 °C, 80%; THI = 89 to 91) using climate-controlled chambers. Blood was collected once every three days to analyze metabolomics. Metabolic changes in the serum of calves were measured using GC-TOF-MS, and the obtained data were calculated by multivariate statistical analysis. Five metabolic parameters were upregulated and seven metabolic parameters were downregulated in the high THI level compared with the threshold (p < 0.05). Among the parameters, carbohydrates (ribose, myo-inositol, galactose, and lactose), organic compounds (acetic acid, urea, and butenedioic acid), fatty acid (oleic acid), and amino acids (asparagine and lysine) were remarkably influenced by HS. These novel findings support further in-depth research to elucidate the blood-based changes in metabolic pathways in heat-stressed Hanwoo beef calves at different levels of THI. In conclusion, these results indicate that metabolic parameters may act as biomarkers to explain the HS effects in Hanwoo calves.

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Alterations in nutrient digestibility and performance of heat-stressed dairy cows by dietary L-theanine supplementation

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Animal Nutrition

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Responses of beef calves to long-term heat stress exposure by evaluating growth performance, physiological, blood and behavioral parameters

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of different protein levels on growth performance and stress parameters in beef calves under heat stress

Effects of different protein levels on growth performance and stress parameters in beef calves under heat stress

Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Metabolic Pathways of Different Levels of Heat Stress in Beef Calves

Alterations in nutrient digestibility and performance of heat-stressed dairy cows by dietary L-theanine supplementation

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