Responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to bacterial challenges by metabolomics and proteomics

Abstract

a b s t r a c tPathogens can cause diseases and lead to massive mortalities of aquaculture animals and substantial economic loss. In this work, we studied the responses induced by Micrococcus luteus and Vibrio anguillarum in gill of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis at protein and metabolite levels. Metabolic biomarkers (e.g., amino acids, betaine, ATP) suggested that both M. luteus and V. anguillarum induced disturbances in energy metabolism and osmotic regulation. The unique and some more remarkably altered metabolic biomarkers (threonine, alanine, aspartate, taurine, succinate) demonstrated that V. anguillarum could cause more severe disturbances in osmotic regulation and energy metabolism. Proteomic biomarkers (e.g., goose-type lysozyme 2, matrilin, ependymin-related protein, peptidylprolyl cisetrans isomerases) indicated that M. luteus caused immune stress, and disturbances in signaling pathways and protein synthesis. However, V. anguillarum mainly induced oxidative stress and disturbance in energy metabolism in mussel gills indicated by altered procollagen-proline dioxygenase, protein disulfide isomerase, nucleoside diphosphate kinases, electron transfer flavoprotein and glutathione S-transferase. This work confirmed that an integration of proteomics and metabolomics could provide an insightful view into the effects of pathogens to the marine mussel M. galloprovincialis.

Effects of hypoxia in the gills of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum using NMR-based metabolomics

“…Polar metabolites were extracted from the gills of clams as previously described (Ji et al, 2013). Briefly, the gill tissue was homogenized in 82.5% methanol in water at a solvent/tissue ratio of 4.85:1, using a Precellys 24 high throughput homogenizer (Berta, France).…”

Metabolic profiling of the tissue-specific responses in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis towards Vibrio harveyi challenge

“…With the development of system biology techniques (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), researchers have applied these eomic approaches to fish and shellfish immunology, which can provide a comprehensive understanding of immune responses of marine aquaculture animals to pathogen challenges [11,12]. Recently, Ji et al reported the proteomic responses in M. galloprovincialis challenged by another vibrio, V. anguillarum [12].…”

“…With the development of system biology techniques (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), researchers have applied these eomic approaches to fish and shellfish immunology, which can provide a comprehensive understanding of immune responses of marine aquaculture animals to pathogen challenges [11,12]. Recently, Ji et al reported the proteomic responses in M. galloprovincialis challenged by another vibrio, V. anguillarum [12]. They found that the infection of V. anguillarum caused disruption in energy metabolism and oxidative stress in M. galloprovincialis, indicated by the proteomic biomarkers, including procollagen-proline dioxygenase, protein disulfide isomerase, nucleoside diphosphate kinases, electron transfer flavoprotein and glutathione S-transferase [12].…”

“…Recently, Ji et al reported the proteomic responses in M. galloprovincialis challenged by another vibrio, V. anguillarum [12]. They found that the infection of V. anguillarum caused disruption in energy metabolism and oxidative stress in M. galloprovincialis, indicated by the proteomic biomarkers, including procollagen-proline dioxygenase, protein disulfide isomerase, nucleoside diphosphate kinases, electron transfer flavoprotein and glutathione S-transferase [12]. In our previous work, we confirmed that V. anguillarum caused more severe oxidative and immune stresses in the digestive gland from clam Ruditapes philippinarum than V. splendidus using NMR-based metabolomics [13].…”

Metabolic profiling of mussel larvae: effect of handling and culture conditions

“…Succinate is a tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediate and is capable of donating electrons to the electron transport chain via oxidation to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Decreased expression of SDH and increased levels of succinate are indicative of oxidative stress in shellfish when oxygen availability is limited (Tuffnail et al 2009 ;Anestis et al 2010 ;Connor and Gracey 2012 ), and when organisms are exposed to toxins (Wu et al 2013a ;Hanana et al 2014 ) or pathogens (Ji et al 2013 ;Wu et al 2013b ). Elevated tissue concentrations of succinate are also indicative of poor larval quality due to lower capacity for energy production (Young et al 2015b ).…”