Responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to moderate exercise and hypoxia

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physiological features of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy female trekkers before and after physical activity carried out under both normoxia (low altitude, < 2000 m a.s.l.) and hypobaric hypoxia (high altitude, > 3700 m a.s.l.). The experimental design was to differentiate effects induced by exercise and those related to external environmental conditions. PBMCs were isolated from seven female subjects before and after each training period. The PBMCs were phenotypically and functionally characterized using fluorimetric and densitometric analyses, to determine cellular activation, and their intracellular Ca(2+) levels and oxidative status. After a period of normoxic physical exercise, the PBMCs showed an increase in fully activated T lymphocytes (CD3(+) CD69(+) ) and a reduction in intracellular Ca(2+) levels. On the other hand, with physical exercise performed under hypobaric hypoxia, there was a reduction in T lymphocytes and an increase in nonactivated B lymphocytes, accompanied by a reduction in O2 (-) levels in the mitochondria. These outcomes reveal that in women, low- to moderate-intensity aerobic trekking induces CD69 T cell activation and promotes anti-stress effects on the high-altitude-induced impairment of the immune responses and the oxidative balance.

The Regenerative Potential of Female Skeletal Muscle upon Hypobaric Hypoxic Exposure

“…However, no similar studies have been published on sedentary females exposed to hypobaric hypoxia conditions, such as during the Himalayan Gokio Kumbu/Amadablam 2012 expedition. Evidence of physiological adaptation to high altitude has largely been investigated on men despite female subjects even if a sex as well as an individual dependent-response variability to hypobaric hypoxia seems to exist (Chapman et al, 1998 ; Mariggiò et al, 2010 ; Morabito et al, 2015 ; Tam et al, 2016 ).…”

Exercise-related genes analysis of Mongolian Horse

“…According to the analysis of GO, KEGG and individual gene function, we subsequently put our interest in exercise-related genes of Abaga horse. Twenty-one genes may involve in exercise of Abaga horse while their functions embodied vasoconstriction ( HTR2B ) (Launay et al 2002; Bevilacqua et al 2010; Meira et al 2014), angiogenesis ( CDH5 ) (Sauteur et al 2014), cardiac contraction ( KCNQ1 ) (Jespersen et al 2005; Brown et al 2015; Pedersen et al 2017), cardiac development and muscle structure ( ENAH ) (Franzini-Armstrong 1973; Benz et al 2013), muscle growth ( PIH1D1, SMURF1 ) (Inoue et al 2010; Ponsuksili et al 2014; Dalbo et al 2013), myogenic differentiation ( UNC13C ) (Meyer et al 2015; Langlois and Cowan 2017), skeletal muscle function ( ATP1A3 ) (Aughey et al 2007; Brashear et al 2007), femur strength and bone mineral density ( PPP2R5B, PPP6R3 ) (Alam et al 2009; Medina-Gomez et al 2017), osteoclast growth ( PTPRE, RHOBTB1 ) (Chiusaroli et al 2004; Song et al 2014), chondrogenesis (SCFD) (DeLise et al 2000; Hou et al 2017), lipid and carbohydrate metabolism ( PPARD, GCG, TCF7L2, GALNT13 ) (Yi et al 2005; Bevilacqua et al 2010; Park et al 2012; Ahmetov and Fedotovskaya 2015; Giordano Attianese and Desvergne 2015; Ropka-Molik et al 2017), exercise stress-induced response ( CD69, EIF4G3 ) (Testi et al 1989; Gradi et al 1998; Cappelli et al 2007; Morabito et al 2016), exercise coordination ( GRM1 ) (Conquet et al 1994; Bossi et al 2017) and height ( VGLL4 ) (Gabriel et al 2016). These genes of positive selection were presented simultaneously in Abaga horse, which may be a reason that it runs rapider than Wushen horse.…”

“…Cell activation is the first step in the proliferation of immune cells, and CD69 is firstly detected in cell surface glycoproteins after activation (Testi et al 1989). The low-to moderate-intensity aerobic trekking induces activation of CD69 T cell and promotes anti-stress effects on the oxidative balance and the high-altitude-induced injury of the immune responses among women (Morabito et al 2016). EIF4G3 encodes eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 3 which is indispensable for triggering protein synthesis and is thought to be involved in exercise stress-induced response in horses (Gradi et al 1998; Cappelli et al 2007).…”

Physiological Responses of Jurkat Lymphocytes to Simulated Microgravity Conditions

“…To identify the activated compartment, Jurkat cells (500 × 10 3 /sample), after centrifugation at 400× g for 10 min, were washed in PBS and stained using the PE-conjugated anti-CD25 (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). After a 30-min incubation at 4 °C with the antibody, the cells were washed, re-suspended in 0.5 mL PBS, and 100 × 10 3 events/sample were acquired using a flow cytometer (FACSCanto II; BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) [52]. The gate of CD25+ cells was placed on the basis of the relative unstained sample.…”

“…After a 30 min-incubation at 37 °C, the absorbance was measured at 560 nm with a microplate reader (Synergy H1 multimode, Biotek, Bad Friedrichshall, Germany). For each experimental condition, eight repetitions were performed in three independent experiments [52].…”