Responses of thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin-related protein 14 mRNAs to cadmium and copper stresses in Venerupis philippinarum

Expression profiles of seven glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes from Venerupis philippinarum exposed to heavy metals and benzo[a]pyrene

“…The nested PCR strategy was applied to the 3' and 5' RACE. The RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, PCR amplification and PCR product sequencing were performed according to previously described (Wang et al, 2011).…”

“…It has been listed as a sentinel organism in "Mussel Watch Programs" launched in China. Our previous studies had demonstrated that this species exhibited distinct biochemical and genetic responses when exposed to heavy metals and B[a]P Wang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011aZhang et al, , 2011b, possessing the requisite features of a promising indicator species. Because GST isoenzymes were considered useful biomarkers in mollusk species (Boutet et al, 2004;Hoarau et al, 2006;Wan et al, 2008aWan et al, , 2008bWan et al, , 2009, investigation on the expression profiles of VpGSTs isoforms to specific environmental pollutants would be helpful to identify potential biomarkers for future environmental biomonitoring.…”

Toxicological evaluation of two pedigrees of clam Ruditapes philippinarum as bioindicators of heavy metal contaminants using metabolomics

“…Therefore, it is necessary to carry out biomonitoring for heavy metal pollution in pollution on the basis of high accumulation of various heavy metals including Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Cr, Co and Ni (Ji et al, 2006). Thus R. philippinarum has been not only used for heavy metal pollution monitoring, but also widely employed as a suitable bioindicator in marine toxicology Liu et al, 2013;Matozzo et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2011;Wu and Wang, 2011a;Wu et al, 2011b;Zhao et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2012). For example, Matozzo et al (2004) reported the oxidative stresses of 4-nonylphenol in both gills and digestive gland of R. philippinarum and suggested that toxicology studies should be carried out at environmentally realistic concentrations of contaminants.…”

Identification of glutaredoxin 1 and glutaredoxin 2 genes from Venerupis philippinarum and their responses to benzo[a]pyrene and bacterial challenge

“…One microgram of total RNA was used for cDNA synthesis according to the manufacture's protocol (Promega, USA). qRT-PCR was carried out in an ABI 7500 Real-time Detection System by using the SYBR ExScript qRT-PCR Kit (Takara) as described previously [22]. The expression levels of VpGrx1 and VpGrx2 were analyzed using 2 ÀDDCT method [23] with b-actin mRNA as the control.…”

“…The RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, reaction component, thermal profile, and the data analysis were conducted as previously described [22].…”