Responses of Various Market Classes of Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) to Linuron

Abstract

Tolerance of eight market classes of dry beans (black, brown, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, white, and yellow eye beans) to the PRE application of linuron at the rate of 2.25 and 4.50 kg ai/ha was studied at two locations in Ontario, Canada, in 2003 and 2004. The eight market classes differed in their response to linuron. Linuron PRE caused as much as 43, 20, 7, 17, 54, 36, 56, and 12% visual injury in black, brown, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, white, and yellow eye beans, respectively. Linuron PRE at 2.25 kg/ha reduced plant height 38% in otebo beans and 31% in white beans. Linuron PRE at 4.50 kg/ha reduced plant height 24 to 56% in black, brown, otebo, pinto, and white beans. Shoot dry weight was reduced in otebo beans by 56% and in white beans, by 46% at the low rate. Shoot dry weight was decreased 26 to 92% in black, otebo, pinto, white, and yellow eye beans at the high rate. There were no differences in the shoot dry weight of the other market classes. Linuron PRE at the low rate reduced otebo bean yield 42% and at the high rate reduced yields by 56, 74, and 61% in black, otebo, and white beans, respectively. There was no effect on the yield of other market classes. Differences in dry bean market class tolerance to linuron exists and may be summarized for these cultivars as cranberry > kidney > brown > yellow eye > pinto > black > white > otebo. Additional research is needed to determine if cultivars within a dry bean market class differ in their response to linuron.

Dry Bean Response to Preemergence-Applied KIH-485

“…This is consistent with other studies that have shown similar responses with soil applications of S-metolachlor, imazethapyr, flumioxazin, and linuron Soltani et al 2003Soltani et al , 2004Soltani et al , 2005Soltani et al , 2006.…”

“…White (navy) beans were found to be more sensitive to EPTC than pinto and light red kidney beans and black and white beans were more sensitive to alachlor than Great Northern, pinto, cranberry, and pink beans (Urwin et al 1996). Large-seeded market classes of dry beans were more tolerant to linuron than small-seeded market classes (Soltani et al 2006). White beans are more sensitive to alachlor than red kidney beans (Doersch et al 1974).…”

Control of volunteer adzuki bean in soybean

“…Cloransulammethyl (35 g ai.ha -1 ), linuron (2250 g ai.ha ) provided up to 8%, 44%, 21%, 18%, and 2% control 4 WAE ( Table 2) and up to 6%, 24%, 14%, 8%, and 0% control 8 WAE, respectively ( Table 3). This is consistent with research in Phaseolus vulgaris, where Soltani et al [12] found linuron injured black bean (27%) and white bean (31%) at 4 WAE. In addition, a study evaluating flumetsulam use in southern pea (Vigna unguiculata L.) reported that there was crop injury of 13% at 3 WAA, demonstrating southern pea's relative tolerance to flumetsulam [13].…”

Tolerance of adzuki bean to preplant‐incorporated, pre‐emergence, and post‐emergence herbicides in Ontario, Canada

“…Soltani and Sikkema (2005) reported that cloransulam‐methyl applied PPI to white bean resulted in ≤10% crop injury, which is considered to be commercially acceptable, but it reduced the plant height, biomass, and yield in comparison to an untreated control. Soltani et al. (2008b) found that halosulfuron‐methyl applied PPI at 35 and 70 g ai ha −1 caused minimal crop injury and did not reduce the plant height or yield of several market classes of dry bean.…”

“…Finally, several studies have reported that halosulfuron‐methyl has an adequate margin of crop safety for several market classes of bean (Silvey et al. 2006; Soltani et al. 2008b).…”