Tolerance of adzuki bean to preplant‐incorporated, pre‐emergence, and post‐emergence herbicides in Ontario, Canada

Abstract

Weed management options for adzuki-bean growers in Ontario, Canada are limited due to few herbicide registrations. Four field trials were conducted at three locations in south-western Ontario in 2007 and 2008 to determine the tolerance of adzuki bean to several preplantincorporated (PPI), pre-emergence (PRE), and post-emergence (POST) herbicides. All the herbicides were applied at the doses registered for use in soybean. The application of pendimethalin, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl (PPI), flumetsulam, cloransulammethyl, and halosulfuron-methyl (PRE), and acifluorfen and fomesafen (POST) caused Յ15% crop injury; however, the injury was transient and did not reduce the adzuki bean yield. The POST application of cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr caused Յ23% crop injury and reduced the biomass by Յ50%, but did not reduce the plant height or crop yield. Metribuzin, flumetsulam, atrazine, and pyroxasulfone (PPI), metribuzin, linuron, pyroxasulfone, and atrazine (PRE), and bentazon, imazethapyr plus bentazon, halosulfuron-methyl, and thifensulfuronmethyl (POST) caused Յ61% crop injury.These treatments reduced the biomass, plant height, and crop yield. Based on these results, pendimethalin, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuronmethyl applied PPI, flumetsulam, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl applied PRE, and acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST might be potential weed management options for weed management in adzuki bean. Cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr applied POST will need further evaluation due to phytotoxicity concerns. Metribuzin, flumetsulam, atrazine, and pyroxasulfone applied PPI, metribuzin, linuron, atrazine, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE, and bentazon, imazethapyr plus bentazon, halosulfuron-methyl, and thifensulfuron-methyl applied POST did not have an adequate margin of safety.

Tolerance of adzuki bean to pre-emergence herbicides

“…However, there were no significant reductions in adzuki bean plant stand, shoot dry weight (g m (1 row), height and seed yield compared with the untreated control with either rate of cloransulam-methyl (Table 1). Results from this study are similar to those from other studies that have shown that cloransulam-methyl causes minimal injury with no adverse effect on shoot dry weight, plant height or seed yield in adzuki bean (Stewart et al 2010). In Phaseolus species, cloransulam-methyl PRE caused 5% crop injury with no detrimental effects on shoot dry weight, plant height or seed yield of pinto and small red Mexican ).…”

Halosulfuron tankmixes applied preplant incorporated for weed control in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

“…These results are consistent with Soltani et al (2014a, b) who reported that halosulfuron, trifluralin + halosulfuron, and S-metolachlor + halosulfuron did not damage white bean. In previous studies, it has been reported that halosulfuron, applied PPI, is safe for use on most market classes of dry beans with the exception of adzuki, mung, and snap bean (Silvey et al 2006;Soltani et al 2009Soltani et al , 2013aStewart et al 2010). Halosulfuron, applied PPI, caused 58 to 70% injury in adzuki bean and reduced adzuki bean height 52 to 70% (Soltani et al 2009(Soltani et al , 2012aStewart et al 2010).…”

Studies on the inhibition of plant very-long-chain fatty acid elongase by a novel herbicide, pyroxasulfone

“…In this study, the reaction mixture contained 20 ml microsomal suspension, 5 ml of 20 mM NADH, 5 ml of 20 mM NADPH, 10 ml of 200 mM [2-14 C]-malonyl-CoA, 3 ml pyroxasulfone in acetone solution, 5 ml of 2 mM C24 : 0-CoA and H 2 O to 60 ml volume. The reaction mixture except for [2-14 C]-malonyl-CoA was pre-incubated for various time intervals at 30°C, and then the reaction was started by the addition of [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C] malonyl-CoA. In the reaction without pre-incubation, microsomal suspension was added to the reaction mixture except for the microsomal fraction and then the reaction was started.…”

“…1,[8][9][10][11] This herbicide provides good efficacy on both grass and broadleaf weeds. In comparison with other currently available pre-emergence herbicides for use in wheat, pyroxasulfone at the field application rate of 100 g a.i./ha provides efficient control of both herbicide-resistant and susceptible annual ryegrass populations.…”