Responses to feminine odors in normal and castrated male rats.

Carr, W. J.; Loeb, Leo; Wylie, N. R.

doi:10.1037/h0023693

Cited by 128 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…As NE in the OB and frontal cortex serve distinct functions, the differential regulations in these two areas by androgens imply unique biological importance for both regions. For the OB, behavioral studies have shown that castration reduces preferences of male rats to estrous females (Carr et al, 1966), conspecific odors (Carr et al, 1965;Brown, 1977), as well as disrupting the male rats' dishabituation (memory/recognition) responses to female chemical cues (Guan and Dluzen, 1994). Both preference and memory/recognition responses appear to involve the OB-NE system (Gray et al, 1986;Sullivan et al, 1989Sullivan et al, , 1991Cornwell-Jones, 1988;Guan et al, 1993a,b;Shang and Dluzen, 1998b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Castration differentially alters [3H]nisoxetine binding to norepinephrine uptake sites in olfactory bulb and frontal cortex of male rats

Shang

Boja

Dluzen

1999

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In the present study, [3H]nisoxetine binding to norepinephrine (NE) uptake sites and [3H]norepinephrine uptake were investigated within olfactory bulb (OB) and frontal cortex homogenates from intact and castrated male rats. Statistically significant reductions in the number of [3H]nisoxetine binding sites (Bmax) were found in OB from the castrates, while significantly increased Bmax values were obtained in the frontal cortex. Castration also significantly altered the affinity (Kd) of [3H]nisoxetine binding in the frontal cortex, but not in the OB. Assessment of [3H]norepinephrine uptake showed that in neither brain regions were there any statistically significant differences in Km nor Vmax between the castrated and intact male rats, indicating that the basal uptake process is not changed following castration in either of these brain areas. These results demonstrate the differential effects of castration upon [3H]nisoxetine binding sites between the OB and frontal cortex. Such findings provide new evidence for one of the mechanisms by which androgens may modulate central noradrenergic activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Castration differentially alters [3H]nisoxetine binding to norepinephrine uptake sites in olfactory bulb and frontal cortex of male rats

Shang

Boja

Dluzen

1999

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“…Numerous studies (Brown, 1977;Carr et al, 1966;Ferkin, 1992;Nyby et al, 1977), usually carried out in rodent species, showed that mammals reliably choose to approach and investigate pheromonal cues from an opposite-sex, as opposed to a same-sex, conspecific. Typically, these sex-specific odor preferences are only expressed during the breeding season, in the presence of circulating testosterone (males) or ovarian steroids (females).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Sexual Partner Preference: Contribution Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of sex and gonadal steroids in mammalian pheromonal communication

Baum

Bakker

2013

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

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a b s t r a c t A brain circuit (the accessory olfactory system) that originates in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and includes the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) plus additional forebrain regions mediates many of the effects of pheromones, typically comprised of a variety of non-volatile and volatile compounds, on aspects of social behavior. A second, parallel circuit (the main olfactory system) that originates in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and includes the main olfactory bulb (MOB) has also been shown to detect volatile pheromones from conspecifics. Studies are reviewed that point to specific roles of several different steroids and their water-soluble metabolites as putative pheromones. Other studies are reviewed that establish an adult, 'activational' role of circulating sex hormones along with sex differences in the detection and/or processing of non-steroidal pheromones by these two olfactory circuits. Persisting questions about the role of sex steroids in pheromonal processing are posed for future investigation.

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“…Carr et al 1966, Rajska--Jurgiel 1976, Reich and Tamarin 1980, Chitty 1986. It was also shown that olfactory interactions between related species are possible (Drickamer 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%