Responsible innovation in a post-truth moment

Fisher, Elizabeth

doi:10.1080/23299460.2017.1330584

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…An opportunity to broaden science and society relationship Scientific expertise currently faces a problem of legitimacy (Fisher, 2017;van Oudheusden, 2014). This is reflected, for example, in difficulties to reproduce research findings in both established and emerging fields of scientific inquiry, controversies in applications of new technologies such as CRISPR, or the long-standing gulfs between what scientific designs tend to target and what society and public health might actually need or value in terms of preferences or local community priorities.…”

Section: Responsible Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digging Deeper into Precision/Personalized Medicine: Cracking the Sugar Code, the Third Alphabet of Life, and Sociomateriality of the Cell

Özdemir

Arğa

Aziz

et al. 2020

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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Precision/personalized medicine is a hot topic in health care. Often presented with the motto ''the right drug, for the right patient, at the right dose, and the right time,'' precision medicine is a theory for rational therapeutics as well as practice to individualize health interventions (e.g., drugs, food, vaccines, medical devices, and exercise programs) using biomarkers. Yet, an alien visitor to planet Earth reading the contemporary textbooks on diagnostics might think precision medicine requires only two biomolecules omnipresent in the literature: nucleic acids (e.g., DNA) and proteins, known as the first and second alphabet of biology, respectively. However, the precision/personalized medicine community has tended to underappreciate the third alphabet of life, the ''sugar code'' (i.e., the information stored in glycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids). This article brings together experts in precision/personalized medicine science, pharmacoglycomics, emerging technology governance, cultural studies, contemporary art, and responsible innovation to critically comment on the sociomateriality of the three alphabets of life together. First, the current transformation of targeted therapies with personalized glycomedicine and glycan biomarkers is examined. Next, we discuss the reasons as to why unraveling of the sugar code might have lagged behind the DNA and protein codes. While social scientists have historically noted the importance of constructivism (e.g., how people interpret technology and build their values, hopes, and expectations into emerging technologies), life scientists relied on the material properties of technologies in explaining why some innovations emerge rapidly and are more popular than others. The concept of sociomateriality integrates these two explanations by highlighting the inherent entanglement of the social and the material contributions to knowledge and what is presented to us as reality from everyday laboratory life. Hence, we present a hypothesis based on a sociomaterial conceptual lens: because materiality and synthesis of glycans are not directly driven by a template, and thus more complex and open ended than sequencing of a finite length genome, social construction of expectations from unraveling of the sugar code versus the DNA code might have evolved differently, as being future-uncertain versus future-proof, respectively, thus potentially explaining the ''sugar lag'' in precision/personalized medicine diagnostics over the past decades. We conclude by introducing systems scientists, physicians, and biotechnology industry to the concept, practice, and value of responsible innovation, while glycomedicine and other emerging biomarker technologies (e.g., metagenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics) transition to applications in health care, ecology, pharmaceutical/diagnostic industries, agriculture, food, and bioengineering, among others.

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Section: Responsible Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digging Deeper into Precision/Personalized Medicine: Cracking the Sugar Code, the Third Alphabet of Life, and Sociomateriality of the Cell

Özdemir

Arğa

Aziz

et al. 2020

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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“…Meanwhile, the rise of a populist post‐truth style opposed to objectivity, expertise, mediation and technocratic political solutions grants the demand for openness and participation a different complexion. The dangers this poses to scientific inquiry and innovation have been noted by a series of scholars writing in the wake of the national‐populist political upheavals of recent years (Fisher, ; Long and Blok, ; Brown, ; Kelly and McGoey, ; Nerlich et al, ). This paper suggests that, by removing normative constraints, an agenda of openness in a post‐truth age may contradictorily throw up barriers to beneficial innovation that compromises the generative link between Open Science and Open Innovation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Science and Open Innovation in a socio‐political context: knowledge production for societal impact in an age of post‐truth populism

Smart

Holmes

Lettice³

et al. 2019

R & D Management

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This conceptual paper traces the origins and progress of Open Science and proposes its generative coupling to Open Innovation in the contemporary socio-political context; where universities are re-imaging their civic missions in the face of anti-establishment populist politics. This setting is one of changing knowledge production regimes and institutional pressures that create contradictions identifiable through the prism of the series of scientific norms conceptualised by Robert K. Merton. This paper privileges a sociological perspective to proffer scientific knowledge production as a societally embedded process, which is well illustrated by scholarship in the Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Science in Society fields. In doing so, it identifies the co-evolution, co-existence and co-production of Open Science with Open Innovation; and notes how it shares the attributes of other recent diagnoses of changing knowledge production regimes; in particular Mode 2, postnormal science and the Quadruple Helix. It also argues that Open Science can be coupled with Open Innovation to catalyse positive societal change, but that the rise of a populist post-truth era opposed to objectivity, expertise and technocratic political solutions gives the demand for openness and participation a different complexion. Merton's norms provide a useful lens to observe recent shifts in the delivery of science, knowledge and innovation in society towards more inclusive, ethical and sustainable outcomes; and expose the limited reflection on how the appropriation and exploitation of open scientific knowledge encounters industrial R&D and Open Innovation.

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“…Most obvious examples here are platforms such as Airbnb and Uber. Even though these platforms depict themselves as technology platforms and not as service providers or employers, it is clear that they have a severe impact on the public domain (although Fisher (2017) is hopeful that also the tech community is becoming aware of that). These platforms impact the public domain by facilitating access to services for larger groups of people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governing crowd-based innovations: an interdisciplinary research agenda

Cuppen

Klievink

Doorn

2019

Journal of Responsible Innovation

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The crowd increasingly plays a key role in facilitating innovations in a variety of sectors, spurred on by IT-developments and the concomitant increase in connectivity. Initiatives in this direction, captured under the umbrella-term 'crowd-based innovations' (CBI), offer novel opportunities in all domains of society by increasing the access, reach and speed of services and goods. At the same time, they signify important challenges because these innovations occur in a context of traditional, well-established institutional arrangements. CBI create an 'institutional void': existing rules, standards and practices are challenged and renegotiated. This raises questions about the safeguarding of public values such as quality, legitimacy, efficiency and governance of crowd-based innovations. The objective of this perspective piece is to present an interdisciplinary research agenda to address normative challenges for governing CBI. We will argue that such an agenda needs an integrated empirical-normative approach. We will detail three lines of empirical-normative research that together build up towards an interdisciplinary agenda.

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Responsible innovation in a post-truth moment

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Digging Deeper into Precision/Personalized Medicine: Cracking the Sugar Code, the Third Alphabet of Life, and Sociomateriality of the Cell

Digging Deeper into Precision/Personalized Medicine: Cracking the Sugar Code, the Third Alphabet of Life, and Sociomateriality of the Cell

Open Science and Open Innovation in a socio‐political context: knowledge production for societal impact in an age of post‐truth populism

Governing crowd-based innovations: an interdisciplinary research agenda

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