Resting Arterial Diameter and Blood Flow Changes With Resistance Training and Detraining in Healthy Young Individuals

Stebbings, Georgina K.; Morse, Christopher I.; McMahon, Gerard; Onambélé, Gladys L.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.17

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In contrast, detraining reduces blood flow volume within two weeks 88) . Additionally, type II muscle fiber capillarization at baseline is a critical factor in muscle fiber hypertrophy during resistance exercise training in older men 89) .…”

Section: Effect Of Blood Flow Volume On Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Link between blood flow and muscle protein metabolism in elderly adults

Zempo

Isobe

Naito

2017

JPFSM

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The mechanism which causes sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, remains unclear. Muscle mass is controlled by the net balance between protein synthesis and breakdown; however, net balance differences in the basal state do not contribute to sarcopenia. On the other hand, anabolic resistance, a reduction in muscle protein synthesis in response to protein intake, does seem to be involved in sarcopenia. Muscles which are subject to anabolic resistance do not show incremental blood flow volume during the fed-state. Because the vascular system transports amino acids and other nutrients that are essential for muscle protein synthesis, blood flow volume may be a regulator of anabolic resistance. There is some evidence of a link between blood flow and muscle protein metabolism. In addition, a combination of resistance training and amino acid supplementation promotes a positive net protein balance. Resistance training improves, and detraining reduces blood flow volume; therefore, blood flow volume may be involved as a background mechanism for sarcopenia. Moreover, previous studies have shown that sodium nitroprusside, a vasodilatory nitric oxide donor, enhances muscle protein synthesis. Conversely, angiotensin II, a major vasoconstrictive peptide, induces skeletal muscle protein breakdown. In this review, we discuss a possible role for blood flow in skeletal muscle protein metabolism in elderly adults. The regulation of blood flow may prove to be a beneficial treatment for sarcopenia.

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Section: Effect Of Blood Flow Volume On Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance training improves blood flow volume in elderly people 7,88) . In contrast, detraining reduces blood flow volume within two weeks 88) .…”

Section: Effect Of Blood Flow Volume On Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link between blood flow and muscle protein metabolism in elderly adults

Zempo

Isobe

Naito

2017

JPFSM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is of particular importance in the CCA, as the brain is extremely susceptible to hemodynamic pulsatility (Hirata et al 2006;Mitchell 2008) and a reduction in the ability to buffer elevations in both blood pressure and flow have been associated with an increased risk of stroke (Mattace-Raso et al 2006;Yang et al 2012). Investigation of CCA wall mechanics during resistance exercise might also provide further insight into the specific mechanisms that underpin training-induced vascular remodeling of the CCA, characterized by a decreased wall thickness (Spence et al 2013) and increased diameter (Stebbings et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of an acute bout of resistance exercise on carotid artery strain and strain rate

et al. 2016

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Arterial wall mechanics likely play an integral role in arterial responses to acute physiological stress. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of low and moderate intensity double‐leg press exercise on common carotid artery (CCA) wall mechanics using 2D vascular strain imaging. Short‐axis CCA ultrasound images were collected in 15 healthy men (age: 21 ± 3 years; stature: 176.5 ± 6.2 cm; body mass; 80.6 ± 15.3 kg) before, during, and immediately after short‐duration isometric double‐leg press exercise at 30% and 60% of participants' one‐repetition maximum (1RM: 317 ± 72 kg). Images were analyzed for peak circumferential strain (PCS), peak systolic and diastolic strain rate (S‐SR and D‐SR), and arterial diameter. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were simultaneously assessed and arterial stiffness indices were calculated post hoc. A two‐way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that during isometric contraction, PCS and S‐SR decreased significantly (P < 0.01) before increasing significantly above resting levels post exercise (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Conversely, D‐SR was unaltered throughout the protocol (P = 0.25). No significant differences were observed between the 30% and 60% 1RM trials. Multiple regression analysis highlighted that HR, BP, and arterial diameter did not fully explain the total variance in PCS, S‐SR, and D‐SR. Acute double‐leg press exercise is therefore associated with similar transient changes in CCA wall mechanics at low and moderate intensities. CCA wall mechanics likely provide additional insight into localized intrinsic vascular wall properties beyond current measures of arterial stiffness.

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“…12 Muscle contraction provide a powerful stimulus for vascular remodeling. 13 Angiogenesis 14 and increased arterial diameter 15 seem to be the principal peripheral vascular adaptations induced by exercise training. Passive mobilization, the most basic form of rehabilitation for SCI patients, has failed to revert arterial dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of simultaneous electromyostimulation and vibration on leg blood flow in spinal cord injury

et al. 2015

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Study design: Randomized crossover.Objectives: To analyze the acute effects of isolated and simultaneous application of whole-body vibration (WBV) and electromyostimulation (ES) on popliteal artery blood velocity (BV) and skin temperature (ST) of the calf in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Valladolid, Spain. Methods: Ten subjects with SCI were assessed in five different sessions. After a familiarization session, four interventions were applied in random order; WBV, ES, simultaneous WBV and ES (WBV+ES), and 30 s of WBV followed by 30 s of ES (WBV30/ES30). Each intervention consisted of 10 sets × 1 min ON+1 min OFF. Subjects were seated on their own wheelchairs with their feet on the vibration platform (10 Hz, 5 mm peak-to-peak), and ES was applied on the gastrocnemius muscle of both legs (8 Hz, 400 μs). Results: The simultaneous application (WBV+ES) produced the greatest increase in mean BV (MBV; 36% and 42%, respectively) and peak BV (PBV; 30% and 36%, respectively) during the intervention. This intervention produced the greatest mean increases in MBV (21%) and PBV (19%) during the recovery period. Last, this intervention produced the highest increase in ST during the intervention (2.1°C). Conclusion: The simultaneous application of WBV+ES seems to produce a greater increase in MBV and PBV of the popliteal artery and ST of the calf than the isolated (WBV or ES) or consecutive application of both stimuli (WBV30/ES30). This study provides an efficient therapeutic methodology to improve peripheral arterial properties, which is pivotal in SCI patient's rehabilitation. Spinal Cord (2016) 54, 383-389; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.181; published online 13 October 2015 INTRODUCTIONSpinal Cord Injury (SCI) is one of the most dramatic clinical conditions due to the loss of voluntary muscle contraction that leads to physical disability. SCI patients exibit an increased risk of vascular diseases, due to an extremely low physical activity, 1 when compared with counterparts without SCI. 2 Accordingly, earlier cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in SCI patients. 2 However, common cardiovascular risk factors (for example, sex, age, diabetes, blood lipid profile, elevated systolic blood pressure and smoking status 3 ) do not seem to fully explain the increased cardiovascular risk in SCI patients. 4 Recent studies have focused on peripheral vascular factors as an underlying mechanism for the increased cardiovascular risk. 5 Moreover, adverse peripheral vascular adaptations appear to be a plausible mechanism for the development of pressure ulcers due to the significant reduction in lower limb arterial blood flow. 6 Pressure ulcers is one of the most common complications and leading cause of re-hospitalization in SCI patients. 7 Structural and functional adaptations have been detected in peripheral arteries below the level of injury almost immediately after SCI. 8,9 Indeed, a 30% reduction in the common femoral artery diameter and resting leg blood flow occurs within the first 6 weeks of inactivity and para...

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Resting Arterial Diameter and Blood Flow Changes With Resistance Training and Detraining in Healthy Young Individuals

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Link between blood flow and muscle protein metabolism in elderly adults

Link between blood flow and muscle protein metabolism in elderly adults

The effect of an acute bout of resistance exercise on carotid artery strain and strain rate

Acute effects of simultaneous electromyostimulation and vibration on leg blood flow in spinal cord injury

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