“…As these standardized protocols allow improvements and the importance of efficiently managing multi-domain resources has attracted increasing attention, several useful approaches have been reported, including routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) schemes [4,7,[10][11][12], network survivability [13,14], network reconfiguration [15], and multi-domain traffic grooming [16]. A further issue that is part of this challenging field of research is the network design, planning, and management [17][18][19][20], due to its importance in reducing costs and maintaining the profitability of service providers while providing quality of service to their users.…”