Restoration of Forests in the Territories Passed by Large-Forest Forest Fire in the Conditions of the State Enterprise «ovrutske Forestry»

Abstract

Topical issues of forest regeneration in the territories of the State Forest Fund of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting, which were passed by large-scale forest fires, are substantiated. The processes of forest regeneration in the conditions of tracts of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry» are analyzed, as well as organizational and ecological-forestry aspects are considered.The subject of the work is reforestation on fires, which were formed as a result of large-scale forest fires in 2018, 2020 in the forests of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry». Particular attention in the research process was paid to the condition of areas after large-scale forest fires, as well as technological features of reforestation in areas that were passed by large-scale forest fires, including in terms of radioactively contaminated soils. Today, these aspects are becoming extremely important for the restoration of forests in the post-fire period on fires not only in the forest edatopes of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry», but also in the forest ecosystems of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting. All the above elements of reforestation have significant practical economic value for forestry enterprises, as the issue of reforestation of fires is quite relevant in their production activities. A significant degree of forest burnout as a result of large-scale forest fires in 2018, 2020 in the forest edatops of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry» significantly affected not only the state of economic development, but also the strategic sustainable development and infrastructure of settlements located in areas of large-scale forest fires, as well as, unfortunately, human casualties from the local population. All this emphasizes the extreme relevance and prospects of research on reforestation and the impossibility of recurrence and spread to large areas of forest fires in the region of Ovruch-Slovenian ridge.The aim of the work is to study in detail the possibility of conducting operational reforestation measures in areas affected by the fire of large-scale forest fires in 2020 and to predict the possibility of preventing the recurrence and spread of forest fires in large forested areas and settlements located in the «Ovruch Forestry».The main methods of reforestation after large-scale forest fires in forest tracts of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry» are calculation and analytical collection and processing of the results of the laid trial areas on forest fires in 2018, 2020 monitoring of the impact of various forest fires in the forest. period on fires of different degrees of burning of wood, shrub, grass vegetation and litter for the effectiveness of afforestation of large-scale fires in the forest edata of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry», as well as route surveys of areas adjacent to the centers of large-scale forest fires determining the degree of thermal damage to stands from exposure to high temperatures, infrared irradiation of arriving and mature stands, analysis of the effectiveness of measures to localize and extinguish large-scale forest fires, including the use of aircraft of the SES of Ukraine. Determining the nature of the population of forest stands, which were weakened due to the direct impact of forest fires, but were not destroyed by fire, forest and coniferous rodent pests. This will make it possible in the next 10 years to predict possible outbreaks and spread of forest pests from weakened stands as a result of large-scale forest fires in 2020 in arriving and mature stands to determine the nature of drying and damage to various species of conifers and leaf-eating rodents.According to the results of the work it was established that forest fires of the State Forest Fund of Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting and forest tracts of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry» in particular should be restored by creating forest crops by planting after soil preparation taking into account the conditions of radioactive contamination -15 Ki/km2. It was found that most of the studied forest fires by the degree of burnout from the influence of combustion factors during the development of large-scale forest fires are suitable for reforestation without prior soil reclamation and reclamation measures, which will further effectively conduct forest reforestation after forest fires. in the conditions not only of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry», but also in the area of Zhytomyr Polissya in particular.The scope of research is the forestry enterprises of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting, forest tracts of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry» in which appropriate measures were taken to preserve and protect forests from large-scale forest fires, as well as further prevent victims among pine, oak, aspen, birch, alder forest plantations from forest pests in the Polissya zone of Ukraine.The conclusions of the research are that the application of the proposed measures for reforestation after large-scale forest fires allows at the initial stage of forest formation after reforestation in edatopes C2-C3 of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry» to create viable pine, pine, oak which is resistant to pests and diseases. The proposed methods of reforestation after large-scale forest fires make it possible to plant forests under different mixing schemes without additional reclamation and reclamation measures, including in conditions of radioactive contamination with a density of 10-15 Ki/km2, to implement measures for fire prevention in conditions of the Polissya zone of Zhytomyr region. Practical recommendations on the use of forest regeneration methods in the territories of the Zhytomyr Regional Department of Forestry and Hunting to prevent cases of rapid occurrence and rapid spread of large-scale forest fires. As a result of our research, we found that the most effective reforestation occurs after high-intensity forest fires, after which the combustion of a layer of above-ground forest combustible materials and subsequent loss of burnt trees creates favorable conditions for emergence and growth of seedlings. We have established a close link between reforestation in areas affected by large-scale forest fires with 45% burning of forest combustible materials and the duration of the period of post-pyrological impact, which is particularly clear after high-intensity forest fires, which were observed in 2018, 2020 territories of forest tracts of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry». It is established that after low-intensity forest fires the process of formation of viable undergrowth in pines of types C2-C3 is stretched for a longer period. It is determined that reforestation in pine plantations of types C2-C3 after large-scale forest fires of high intensity is satisfactory. It is analyzed that reforestation after medium and low intensity fires in 55% of cases the amount of undergrowth is not enough for successful reforestation. It is proved that after fire restoration in the conditions of forest types C2-C3 of the State enterprise «Ovruch forestry» occurs without change of breeds. As a result of the conducted researches we proved that after fire reforestation in the territories affected by large-scale forest fires with application of the offered schemes of mixing of wood breeds will give the chance to carry out afforestation with survival of seedlings by 85-90% more effectively. The results of the research confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods of reforestation of forest fires after large-scale forest fires and may be useful in addressing the urgency of reforestation measures in the affected forest tracts of the State Enterprise «Ovruch Forestry» and in the Zhytomyr Regional Department. hunting economy in particular.