Restoration process of the need for autonomy: The early alarm stage.

Abstract

Autonomy is described by self-determination theory as a basic psychological need, essential for individuals' well-being. While basic needs are generally thought to induce a restorative response when thwarted, evidence for such a process is lacking for autonomy. To date, most evidence indicates that autonomy deprivation leads to disaffection of this need in favor of other motives. A temporal model based on the general adaptation syndrome was adapted to reconcile this seeming contradiction. Specifically, it is hypothesized that an early alarm response aimed at restoring the satisfaction of the need for autonomy should precede the later relinquishment and compensation of this need that would result from a prolonged deprivation. Three studies provide support for this model by showing the existence of the immediate autonomy restorative response. Using a controlling situation to manipulate autonomy deprivation, the authors demonstrate in Experiments 1 and 2 that a controlling context leads to enhanced accessibility and an approach bias for autonomy-related stimuli. Experiment 3 indicates that the urge to restore autonomy can also affect personal judgment, leading individuals to make more independent judgments, exercising a nonreactive form of autonomy. Integration of this model within self-determination theory is discussed.

The paradoxical effect of controlling context on intrinsic motivation in another activity

“…For example, participants who were low in autonomy need satisfaction were more likely to say that they desired autonomy-increasing experiences. Radel, Pelletier, Sarrazin, and Milyavskaya (2011) provided further evidence for the autonomy restoration process and for its immediate appearance after autonomy deprivation. In two studies, participants first did a game-related task in either a neutral or in a controlling context, which included many directives, commands, deadlines, and surveillance.…”

We May Not Know What We Want, But Do We Know What We Need? Examining the Ability to Forecast Need Satisfaction in Goal Pursuit

“…Conversely, this would suggest that people who pursue more have-to goals are less likely to attain their goals, which may not necessarily lead to increased motivation for subsequent goals. However, past research also finds that when the need for autonomy is thwarted, people tend to actively seek to restore it (Radel, Pelletier, Sarrazin, & Milyavskaya, 2011). Taking into consideration both of these findings, it may be the case that people seek to actively restore their thwarted needs, however, because they are unaware of the type of goals that they need to set (as evidenced by their forecasts in the present study), they instead opt for need substitutes, or goals that people use to compensate for need frustration (Vansteenkiste & Ryan, 2013).…”

Análise da contribuição do Programa Bolsa Família para o enfrentamento da pobreza e a autonomia dos sujeitos beneficiários

“…Assim, muitos estudos investigaram a natureza dos eventos sociais que influenciam a sensação individual de autonomia. Exposição a eventos controladores leva os indivíduos a perder seu sentido relativo de autonomia (Chirkov, 2003;Radel et al, 2011).…”

“…Assim, pessoas são mais autônomas quando agem de acordo com seus interesses autênticos ou integram seus valores e desejos (Chirkov, 2003;Radel et al, 2011).…”

“…Evidencia-se, contudo, que a base do conceito é a visão de pobreza e de liberdade de Sen (2000Sen ( , 2002, sendo os conceitos adicionais do SDT, de Ribeiro (2006) Em relação a este conceito, destaca-se: (1) que se trata de uma capacidade, seguindo a visão de Sen (2000) e os conceitos de autonomia descritos por Ribeiro (2006) e Pereira (2002; (2) que a finalidade de viver de acordo com seus desejos e valores vai ao encontro tanto da visão de autonomia do SDT (Chirkov, 2003;Radel et al, 2011), quanto da visão de liberdade de Sen (2002), como já abordado neste referencial teórico, e (3) que sua ausên-cia pode ser considerada uma "forma de privação da liberdade", conceito utilizado por Sen (2000), o qual se refere a situações de dificuldades relacionadas com a saúde, educação, alimentação, violência (risco), relações familiares, gênero, convívio social, moradia e trabalho, entre outros.…”