Restoring the Ground Layer of Longleaf Pine Ecosystems

Walker, Joan L.; Silletti, Andrea M.

doi:10.1007/0-387-30687-0_10

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…For example, techniques involving the reestablishment of fire regimes and introducing native species (e.g. direct seeding or outplanting) have been applied in longleaf pine savannas and oak savannas in the United States (Maloney ; Van Lear et al ; Walker & Silletti ; Harrington & Kathol ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Brazilian savanna ground layer vegetation by topsoil and hay transfer

Pilon

Buisson

Durigan

2017

Restoration Ecology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Brazilian savanna ground layer vegetation by topsoil and hay transfer

Pilon

Buisson

Durigan

2017

Restoration Ecology

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“…In restoration, plants are introduced to sites where desired plants no longer occur or never occurred. Direct seeding is often the most economical approach to revegetation (Stevenson & Smale 2005; Walker & Silletti 2006); yet, there is limited information on the effects of seeding rate on establishment (Burton et al 2006; Menges 2008). Seeding rates are rarely based on parameters that ensure establishment of the restored population and are more often based on seed availability (Burton et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paspalum notatum is a rhizomatous, mat‐forming grass that persists for decades and prevents native species establishment (Uridel 1994; Violi 2000). Site preparation involves removing existing vegetation and reducing the weed soil seed bank through repeated disking and herbicide applications (Violi 2000; Walker & Silletti 2006). However, effects of this type of disturbance on subsequent plant establishment are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of Seed and Microsite Limitation: Native Wildflower Establishment in Non-native Pasture

Frances

Adams

Norcini³

2010

Restoration Ecology

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Barriers to establishing native plant communities on former pasture include dominance by a single planted species, hydrologic and edaphic alteration, and native species propagule limitation. Establishment may be dispersallimited (propagules do not arrive at the site), micrositelimited (areas suitable for seedling emergence and survival do not exist), or both. Successful restoration strategies hinge on identifying and addressing critical limitations. We examined seed and microsite limitation to establishment of a native wildflower (Coreopsis lanceolata) in a former pasture dominated by Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass). We determined the relative and interactive effects of microsite (irrigation and disturbance) and seed limitation on C. lanceolata establishment. We tested (1) irrigation (none, pre-seeding, and pre-and postseeding), (2) disturbance (none, sethoxydim, glyphosate, and topsoil removal), and (3) C. lanceolata seeding rate (three seeding densities). Applying glyphosate before seeding increased C. lanceolata establishment compared to other disturbance treatments. Ultimately, C. lanceolata establishment was not affected by irrigation. Coreopsis lanceolata establishment was limited when seeded at 100 live seeds/m 2 but not at 600 or 1100 live seeds/m 2 . Seed and microsite availability interactively affected C. lanceolata establishment, in that microsite limitation was biologically relevant only when a minimum number of seeds were present. In practice, both seed and microsite requirements must be met for successful establishment, and increasing the availability of seeds or microsites does not compensate for limitations of the other. Here, it is the relative importance of seed and microsite limitations that drives plant establishment; these limitations do not represent a simple dichotomy.

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“…In pine savannas of the southeastern United States, fire exclusion and agricultural land‐use history are associated with decreased understorey plant species richness (Fig. ; Walker & Silletti ). Our results provide mechanistic insight into these relationships by modelling direct and indirect effects among multiple factors that are thought to broadly influence plant diversity in savanna ecosystems, including: resource availability, tree abundance, understorey abundance and the O horizon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire frequency, agricultural history and the multivariate control of pine savanna understorey plant diversity

Veldman

Brudvig

Damschen

et al. 2014

J Vegetation Science

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Question: Human-altered disturbance regimes and agricultural land uses are broadly associated with reduced plant species diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we seek to understand how fire frequency and agricultural landuse history influence savanna understorey plant diversity through complex relationships (i.e. indirect effects) among multiple biophysical variables.Location: Fort Bragg, NC, US, Savannah River Site, SC, US and Fort Stewart, GA, US. Methods:We use structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the relationships among six groups of predictor variables and their influence on localscale species richness in pine savannas at 256 sites from three locations in the southeastern USA. In the model, fire frequency and agricultural history are hypothesized to control richness through a combination of direct effects, and indirect effects mediated by resource availability, tree abundance, understorey plant abundance and the O horizon (litter and duff depth).Results: Frequent fires promote richness by limiting tree abundance, which increases understorey abundance and reduces the O horizon. Frequent fires also limit the O horizon independent of tree abundance. Of the total positive effect of fire on richness, 70% is attributable to reductions in the O horizon and 30% to reduced tree abundance. Agricultural history has a negative effect on richness through a positive correlation with tree abundance, which decreases understorey abundance and increases the O horizon. Agricultural history has a modest negative effect on richness by reducing resource availability as well as a strong direct negative effect (38% of the total effect) that is unrelated to other modelled variables.Conclusions: Through a multivariate framework and large-scale data set, this study unites and tests our understanding of the factors that control plant species diversity in a fire-dependent ecosystem. We show that the effects of fire frequency and agricultural history on richness are largely mediated through other ecosystem attributes, including vegetation structure (i.e. tree and understorey abundance), resource availability and the O horizon. Persistent, negative effects of agricultural history demonstrate the slow rates of savanna plant community recovery on post-agricultural land and highlight the conservation value of frequently burned savanna remnants.

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Restoring the Ground Layer of Longleaf Pine Ecosystems

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Restoring Brazilian savanna ground layer vegetation by topsoil and hay transfer

Restoring Brazilian savanna ground layer vegetation by topsoil and hay transfer

Importance of Seed and Microsite Limitation: Native Wildflower Establishment in Non-native Pasture

Fire frequency, agricultural history and the multivariate control of pine savanna understorey plant diversity

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