Restricting Smoking at the University of Köln, Germany: A Case Study

Apel, M.; Klein, Klaus Ulrich; McDermott, Robert J.; Westhoff, Wayne W.

doi:10.1080/07448481.1997.9936889

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…210,444–449 A limited number of quasi-experimental evaluations with only short-term (1 to 4 months) follow-up demonstrated mixed findings, with no consistent evidence for the effects of campus smoking restrictions on active smoking or cessation. 450,451 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

Mozaffarian¹,

Afshin²,

Benowitz³

et al. 2012

Circulation

511

427

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Background Poor lifestyle, including suboptimal diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use are leading causes of preventable diseases globally. Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes, the optimal population-level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established. Methods and Results For this American Heart Association Scientific Statement, the writing group systematically reviewed and graded the current scientific evidence for effective population approaches to improve dietary habits, increase physical activity, and reduce tobacco use. Strategies were considered in 6 broad domains: (1) media and education campaigns; (2) labeling and consumer information; (3) taxation, subsidies, and other economic incentives; (4) school and workplace approaches; (5) local environmental changes; and (6) direct restrictions and mandates. The writing group also reviewed the potential contributions of healthcare systems and surveillance systems to behavior change efforts. Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified, providing a set of specific evidence-based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation. Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet, increasing activity, and reducing tobacco use. The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust, as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps, informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies. Conclusions This systematic review identified and graded the evidence for a range of population-based strategies to promote lifestyle change. The findings provide a framework for policy makers, advocacy groups, researchers, clinicians, communities, and other stakeholders to understand and implement the most effective approaches. New strategic initiatives and partnerships are needed to translate this evidence into action.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

Mozaffarian¹,

Afshin²,

Benowitz³

et al. 2012

Circulation

511

427

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3,6,13,15,16,22 Yet, few strategies to improve compliance have been evaluated prior to this Ambassador Program. 15,27 We found that the TFTA!…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both policy violator observation and cigarette butt data have been used to collect objective compliance data. 15,16,19,21-23,27 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Tobacco-Free Campus Ambassador Program and Policy Compliance

Ickes

Rayens

Wiggins

et al. 2015

Journal of American College Health

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Objective Assess impact and feasibility of a Tobacco-free Ambassador Program on campus policy compliance. Participants Trained Ambassadors made 253 visits to campus sites over 15-months to observe and/or approach violators. Methods Policy violators were observed at 23 locations during Wave 1 (April-June 2012) and/or Wave 2 (April-June 2013). For locations with at least 5 visits, average violators per visit were compared between two Waves using a paired t-test. Attributes of violators were summarized. Cigarette butts were collected over 3-day periods in four campus hotspots during each Wave. Personnel time and cost to implement the program were determined. Results There were declines in observed violators per Ambassador visit and number of cigarette butts over time. Rate of violators per visit declined from 5.47 to 1.93, a 65% decrease. Personnel time was equal to 1.5 FTE annually. Conclusions The Ambassador Program was a feasible and potentially effective strategy to increase policy compliance.

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“…Sim et al has reported that 69.2% of smokers would never smoke at public places under no-smoking sign boards [19]. Apel et al reported that the designation of smoking-free areas in campus buildings resulted in a decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked [20]. Borders et al found that clear identification or designation of non-smoking areas on campus significantly decreased the odds of smoking by 45% [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Associated Factors among College Students on Campus and in the Home: A Preliminary Study

Kim

Choo

2012

IJERPH

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To explore the prevalence of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure of college students at two locations, i.e., on campus and in the home, and to identify factors associated with SHS exposure at each location, a preliminary cross-sectional study was conducted on 1754 nonsmoking students from two universities in Korea. In total, 83.1% were exposed to SHS at least once a week on campus or at home; the average SHS exposure was 3.4 times per week. Specifically, 79.7% and 23.5% were exposed to SHS on campus and in the home, respectively. On campus, SHS exposure was significantly more prevalent in freshmen and sophomore students. In the home, SHS exposure was significantly more prevalent among females, those with smokers in their families, and those who rated their health as poor. SHS exposure was common among nonsmoking college students, with more than two-thirds exposed on campus. The prevalence of SHS exposure was greater on campus than in the home; the factors associated with SHS exposure were location-specific.

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Restricting Smoking at the University of Köln, Germany: A Case Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

A Tobacco-Free Campus Ambassador Program and Policy Compliance

Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Associated Factors among College Students on Campus and in the Home: A Preliminary Study

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