1981
DOI: 10.1086/158797
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Results from an extensive Einstein stellar survey

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Cited by 368 publications
(134 citation statements)
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“…This is consistent with the known increase of the f x / f opt ratio for M stars compared to that of earlier spectral types (see e.g. Vaiana et al 1981). We note, however, that some high z QSOs have been identified with Fig.…”
Section: Separating Stellar From Extragalactic Sourcessupporting
confidence: 92%
“…This is consistent with the known increase of the f x / f opt ratio for M stars compared to that of earlier spectral types (see e.g. Vaiana et al 1981). We note, however, that some high z QSOs have been identified with Fig.…”
Section: Separating Stellar From Extragalactic Sourcessupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Reale & Micela (1998) discussed the X-ray data of the flare and derived a loop half-length of ≈7 × 10 9 cm from the analysis of the flare decay. The first X-ray detections of CN Leo have already been reported from Einstein data (Vaiana et al 1981;Golub 1983), and even during quiescence, it is a relatively strong X-ray source with log L X = 26.97 and 27.01 in the ROSAT All-Sky survey and a second pointed PSPC observation, respectively (Schmitt & Liefke 2004). CN Leo is the only star where persistent but variable optical coronal Fe xiii emission has been confirmed (Schmitt & Wichmann 2001;Fuhrmeister et al 2004).…”
Section: The Active M Dwarf Cn Leomentioning
confidence: 85%
“…In O and early B stars, shocks present in supersonic radiatively driven winds produce heating. Stars of type G and later, on the other hand, have thick convective envelopes with magnetic dynamo activity, much of whose energy is dissipated in the corona (e.g., Vaiana et al 1981). Thick convective envelopes are absent above about 1.5 M , but thin surface convection layers present up to about type A5 appear to be enough to produce modest coronal heating and X ray emission (e.g., Robrade & Schmitt 2010;Günther et al 2012).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%