Results of a Chemical Weed Control Trial in an Oil Olive Orchard

Montemurro, P.; Fracchiolla, Mariano; Guarini, D.; Lasorella, Cesare

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2002.586.80

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, weed flora, where appropriately managed, may have many beneficial effects on the agro-ecosystem. Previous studies on the most common tree crops in the Mediterranean region, including olives (Montemurro et al, 2002; Corleto and Cazzato, 2008b; Simoes et al, 2014), wine grapes (Corleto and Cazzato, 2008a; Ferrara et al, 2012), table grapes (Novello et al, 1997), citrus (Colloff et al, 2013) and almond orchards (Ramos et al, 2010), support reducing tillage intensity and the permanent or temporary presence of sward, either sown or natural, especially to preserve soil fertility and to increase the agro-ecosystem's diversity (Marshall et al, 2003; Norris, 2005; Colloff et al, 2013). The ground flora reduces the soil erosion hazard (Hernandez et al, 2005; Ramos et al, 2010; Chauhan et al, 2012) and improves the chemical, physical and microbiologic fertility of the soil (Ramos et al, 2011; Soriano et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of different soil management practices on ground-flora vegetation in an almond orchard

Fracchiolla

Terzi

Frabboni

et al. 2015

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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This paper reports a survey on the weed flora and seed bank in an almond orchard sited in Apulia region (Southern Italy), where the following soil management practices have been compared for over 30 yrs: no-tillage, keeping the soil totally weed-free throughout the year by using pre-emergence herbicides to prevent plant emergence or post-emergence herbicides in case of weeds already emerged; no-tillage, with post-emergence herbicides; no-tillage, with mowing of natural weed flora in spring; cover cropping, with faba bean sown in November and green manured in springtime; conventional soil tillage. The different management techniques influenced significantly the weed flora in experimental plots, both in terms of quantity and quality. The seed bank was clearly impoverished after the long-term applications of pre-emergence herbicides, both in terms of richness and of diversity. During the fall period, the plots of conventional tillage or pre-emergence herbicides had less natural ground-flora than the others. During springtime, prior to the sward control practices, the plots treated by foliar herbicides or mowing had the highest total weed cover. We conclude that post-emergence weed control by mowing or using chemical herbicides or the green manure of the cover crop may be proposed to reduce impact to the soil and to promote the growth of abundant and sufficiently diversified and balanced flora. If appropriately managed, this flora can provide potential ecological services, without competing with the orchard, as suggested by the literature. During the autumn, natural flora can uptake soil nitrogen thus preventing leaching in the rainy season. In springtime, after the sward has been destroyed, natural flora can supply a substantial amount of biomass to the soil. Indicator species analysis was also used to find the species characterizing each treatment and some of their combinations. Weeds belonging to the Poaceae botanical family were significantly associated with post-emergence herbicides and mowing treatments. These species produce a substantial amount of biomass and have bunched roots; consequently, they supply beneficial effects by improving porosity and structure of the soil and reducing erosion hazard

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of different soil management practices on ground-flora vegetation in an almond orchard

Fracchiolla

Terzi

Frabboni

et al. 2015

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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“…However, few preemergence herbicides are available for the effective control of weeds in olive orchards. Montemurro et al (2002) observed adequate control of several broadleaf and grass weeds with preemergence applications of oxyfluorfen at 0.6 kg a.i./ha. Treated plots exhibited higher crop yields than weedy control plots with minimal olive tree phytotoxicity (Montemurro et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 91%

“…Montemurro et al (2002) observed adequate control of several broadleaf and grass weeds with preemergence applications of oxyfluorfen at 0.6 kg a.i./ha. Treated plots exhibited higher crop yields than weedy control plots with minimal olive tree phytotoxicity (Montemurro et al, 2002). Flumioxazin, isoxaben, indaziflam, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, diuron, and simazine are labeled for preemergence applications to orchards, but several of these herbicides may only be applied to nonbearing olive trees or during orchard establishment (UC Statewide IPM Program, 2014).…”

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confidence: 91%

Evaluation of Mulch and Preemergence Herbicide Combinations for Weed Control in High-density Olive (Olea europaea L.) Production

Henry¹,

Hoyle²,

Beck³

et al. 2015

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Field experiments were conducted at the Central Texas Olive Ranch in Walburg, TX, in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the efficacy of mulch and/or preemergence herbicides for weed control in high-density olive (Olea europaea L.) production during orchard establishment. Treatments were initiated on 1 Apr. 2011 and 28 Mar. 2012 and consisted of a nontreated control, isoxaben (2.2 kg a.i./ha), oryzalin (4.5 kg a.i./ha), oxadiazon (3.36 kg a.i./ha), and mesotrione (0.14 kg a.i./ha). Hardwood mulch was applied to half of each plot following herbicide application. Weed counts, combined across species (camphorweed, texas croton, lanceleaf sage, pinnate tansymustard, tumble pigweed, common purslane, and prostrate spurge), were conducted to assess % weed cover at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment (WAT). In 2011, compared with the nonmulched no herbicide treatment, adding mulch reduced weed counts by 23 and increased weed control by 70% 4 WAT. All preemergence herbicide treatments, regardless of mulching regime, resulted in ≥97% weed control 4 WAT with the exception of oryzalin without mulch (91% weed control, 3 weeds/plot). In 2012, compared with the nonmulched no herbicide treatment, adding mulch reduced weed counts by 35 and increased weed control by 64% 4 WAT. Mulching in combination with mesotrione resulted in 100% weed control, significantly greater than mesotrione applied without mulch (98%, 2 weeds/plot) 4 WAT. Oryzalin without mulch resulted in greater weed control (94%, 4 weeds/plot) in 2012 4 WAT; however, this treatment provided the least amount of weed control of all preemergence herbicides tested. By 12 WAT, weed counts were reduced by 21 and 22 in 2011 and 2012, respectively, in response to mulching in the nontreated plots resulting in a 52% and 42% increase in weed control in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Mesotrione was the only treatment affected by mulching regime 12 WAT in 2011 and 2012. Mesotrione in combination with mulch resulted in 100% weed control in 2011 and 2012, while mesotrione without mulch resulted in 93% weed control (3 and 4 weeds/plot) 12 WAT in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Although not statistically significant, isoxaben applied alone in 2011 resulted in 97% weed control (1 weed/plot), while isoxaben in combination with mulch resulted in 94% weed control (3 weeds/plot) 12 WAT. In 2011, oryzalin and oxadiazon resulted in 87% to 92% control, regardless of mulching regime 12 WAT. Weed control in response to isoxaben in 2012 was 95% 12 WAT, regardless of mulching regime. The combination of oxadiazon + mulch resulted in similar weed control (95%, 3 weeds/plot) 12 WAT; however, oxadiazon alone and oryzalin with and without mulch resulted in 87% to 89% weed control. All preemergence herbicides evaluated provided good to excellent weed control. Isoxaben and oryzalin are labeled for use on nonbearing fruit trees or during orchard establishment, while oxadiazon is only labeled for woody ornamentals. Although not labeled for use in orchards, mesotrione may be an alternative for use in olive production. The addition of mulching did not increase weed control except when used in conjunction with mesotrione. Mulch alone provided moderate weed control when preemergence herbicides were not applied. Furthermore, the utilization of mulch in combination with preemergence herbicides may help reduce photodegradation and/or volatilization when irrigation/rainfall is limited.

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