Results of an “emergency quality control study” as confirmation of a PCDD/PCDF-contamination of milk and butter samples

Malisch, Rainer; Bruns-Weller, Elke; Knoll, Annette; Fürst, Peter; Mayer, Richard; Wiesmüller, Thomas

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00351-3

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The analytical procedure for PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs has been described earlier (Malisch et al 2000; Malisch and Dilara 2007; Malisch and Van Leeuwen 2002). The limit of quantification (LOQ) expressed as WHO toxic equivalencies (TEQs) was ~0.1 pg/g lipid.…”

Section: Analytical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

WHO/UNEP global surveys of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDTs in human milk and benefit–risk evaluation of breastfeeding

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since 1987, the World Health Organization (WHO) carried out global surveys on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk. This study presents a review of the three most recent surveys from 2000 to 2010, including DDT. The objective was to identify global quantitative differences and provide baseline information for 52 countries or provide time-trends for countries with previous data. Individual human milk samples were collected following a WHO-designed procedure and combined to form a national pooled sample. Here, we report global levels for PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and the sum of o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDD (ΣDDTs). A concise risk–benefit evaluation related to human milk contamination with these persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was also done. Large global and regional differences were observed. Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs were highest in India and some European and African countries. PCB levels were highest in East and West Europe. The highest levels of ΣDDTs were found in less industrialized countries. A temporal downward trend for PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs is indicated. A risk–benefit assessment indicates that human milk levels of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs are still significantly above those considered toxicologically safe, while ΣDDTs are below or around those considered safe. With respect to potential adverse health effects, a more dominant role of in utero exposure versus lactational exposure is indicated. If potential adverse effects are balanced against positive health aspects for (breastfed) infants, the advantages of breastfeeding far outweigh the possible disadvantages. Our observations provide a strong argument to plea for further global source-directed measures to reduce human exposure further to dioxin-like compounds.

show abstract

Section: Analytical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

WHO/UNEP global surveys of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDTs in human milk and benefit–risk evaluation of breastfeeding

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Weiss et al (2005) suggested that butter was a suitable matrix for assessing POPs contamination of dairy products with POPs. Butter was reported as contaminated with PCDD/Fs in Germany from contaminated citrus pulp feedstuff from Brazil (Malisch 2000; Malisch et al 2000; Muller et al 2001). Butter in seven Egyptian provinces was reported to have a wide range of PCDD/F contamination (Malisch and Saad 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of U.S. Butter with Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers from Wrapping Paper

Schecter¹,

Smith²,

Colacino

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesOur aim was to report the first known incidence of U.S. butter contamination with extremely high levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).MethodsTen butter samples were individually analyzed for PBDEs. One of the samples and its paper wrapper contained very high levels of higher-brominated PBDEs. Dietary estimates were calculated using the 2007 U.S. Department of Agriculture Loss-Adjusted Food Availability data, excluding the elevated sample.ResultsThe highly contaminated butter sample had a total upper bound PBDE level of 42,252 pg/g wet weight (ww). Levels of brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-206, -207, and -209 were 2,000, 2,290, and 37,600 pg/g ww, respectively. Its wrapping paper contained a total upper-bound PBDE concentration of 804,751 pg/g ww, with levels of BDE-206, -207, and -209 of 51,000, 11,700, and 614,000 pg/g, respectively. Total PBDE levels in the remaining nine butter samples ranged from 180 to 1,212 pg/g, with geometric mean of 483 and median of 284 pg/g. Excluding the outlier, total PBDE daily intake from all food was 22,764 pg/day, lower than some previous U.S. dietary intake estimates.ConclusionHigher-brominated PBDE congeners were likely transferred from contaminated wrapping paper to butter. A larger representative survey may help determine how frequently PBDE contamination occurs. Sampling at various stages in food production may identify contamination sources and reduce risk.

show abstract

“…In all cases the increase in toxicological equivalents (TEQ) was caused by 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD. An immediately performed "emergency collaborative study" confirmed these findings [6].…”

Section: From Contaminated Milk In Germany To Citrus Pulp From Brazilmentioning

confidence: 73%

Incidents with Dioxins and PCBs in Food and Feed-Investigative Work, Risk Management and Economic Consequences

Malisch¹

2017

JEP

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The identification of contamination sources within the food chain with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), ("dioxins"), and PCBs is difficult and complex. PCDD/PCDF can be formed as unintentional compounds in a number of chemical processes as well as in almost every combustion process. PCBs were intentionally produced chemicals that were manufactured for decades before the ban in marketing and use in many countries around 1985. The pattern of occurrence can change from the original source in particular via feedingstuffs to food of animal origin as result of bioaccumulation. A number of examples illustrate the challenging detective work and key scientific aspects for identification of the sources, for support of the risk management and for performance of monitoring programs. The contamination of milk and milk products in European countries with dioxins was caused by compound feeds containing citrus pulp pellets from Brazil which had high dioxin levels as a result of the use of heavily contaminated lime used for neutralization. The Belgian dioxin crisis was caused by a feed additive heavily contaminated with PCBs which were discharged into a recycled fat used in the production of animal feed. Guar gum from India was contaminated with sodium pentachlorophenate and dioxins. Clay was found to be possibly highly contaminated with dioxins possibly formed by geothermal processes over time; use of such clay as feed additive or for human intake led to elevated dioxin levels in food and humans. Bioanalytical screening in combination with comprehensive physicochemical investigations led to the detection of brominated flame retardants and brominated dioxins in a feed additive. Buffalo milk was contaminated in Italy presumably caused by illegal deposition of waste. High PCB levels in fuel oil for drying of breadcrumb used as a feed ingredient caused a major dioxin crisis with pork How to cite this paper: Malisch, R. (2017) Incidents with Dioxins and PCBs in Food and Feed-Investigative Work, Risk Management and Economic Consequences. Journal of Environmental Protection, 8, 744-785.

show abstract

Results of an “emergency quality control study” as confirmation of a PCDD/PCDF-contamination of milk and butter samples

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

WHO/UNEP global surveys of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDTs in human milk and benefit–risk evaluation of breastfeeding

WHO/UNEP global surveys of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDTs in human milk and benefit–risk evaluation of breastfeeding

Contamination of U.S. Butter with Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers from Wrapping Paper

Incidents with Dioxins and PCBs in Food and Feed-Investigative Work, Risk Management and Economic Consequences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About