Results of Clinical Trials of RhoGAM* in Women

Pollack, William; Gorman, J.M.; Freda, Vincent J.; Ascari, William Q.; Allen, Akthur E.; Baker, William J.

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb04895.x

Cited by 88 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…97 It took only 4 years from the first human experiments 98,99 to implementation for the prevention of HDFN. 100 Some 25 years later, anti-D was shown to be useful for the treatment of childhood acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura and then adult chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. 101,102 Who would have been able to predict the chain of events in 1964 when the administration of passive anti-D was first proposed as a preventative treatment for HDFN?…”

Section: Timelines From Immunohematology Discoveries To Their Applicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1:1000), and can be lethal. However, the problem of bacterial contamination of PLTs has been addressed 96 1962 RhIG prophylaxis 99,100 1965 Antiglobulin reagent 10,11 1945 Increased sensitivity for antibody detection 1945-1951 Enzyme-treated RBC 19 1947 1952 LISS [14][15][16] 1964 1974 Polybrene 17,18 1977 1980 MoAb production 82,83 1975…”

Section: Impact Of Key Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying molecular immunohematology discoveries to standards of practice in blood banks: now is the time

Denomme

Flegel

2008

Transfusion

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Lessons from more than 100 years of immunohematology exemplify that many critical discoveries were made serendipitously and their more rapid implementation could have benefited transfusion recipients and pregnancies. Constituents of blood that are not essential for the attempted therapeutic benefit of a transfusion are largely removed from today's blood products. We are now moving on to avoid unnecessary exposure to potentially harmful constituents of the therapeutically required cells, like blood group antigens that are foreign to the patient. Cost efficacy needs to be kept in mind but may eventually prove much better than anticipated, once hidden benefits are captured, as we show by examples from past immunohematologic developments. Here, we detail clinical applications for molecular immunohematology advances including "dry-matching" that will improve transfusion outcomes and argue for their widespread implementation by rapid timelines through standards of practice.

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Section: Timelines From Immunohematology Discoveries To Their Applicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Key Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying molecular immunohematology discoveries to standards of practice in blood banks: now is the time

Denomme

Flegel

2008

Transfusion

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“…As a model system that has been well studied for seven decades, Rh proteins have generated many exciting moments of discovery in the disciplines of hematology, biochemistry, and human genetics. The foundation of Rh phenotypic variation and population genetics was laid out in the first 35 years [13], culminating in the development of prophylaxis therapy for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in the 1960s [14,15]. A series of studies in the 1980s established Rh antigens and Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) as integral membrane proteins [7,8,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rh protein family: gene evolution, membrane biology, and disease association

Huang

2009

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The Rh (Rhesus) genes encode a family of conserved proteins that share a structural fold of 12 transmembrane helices with members of the major facilitator superfamily. Interest in this family has arisen from the discovery of Rh factor's involvement in hemolytic disease in the fetus and newborn, and of its homologs widely expressed in epithelial tissues. The Rh factor and Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG), with epithelial cousins RhBG and RhCG, form four subgroups conferring upon vertebrates a genealogical commonality. The past decade has heralded significant advances in understanding the phylogenetics, allelic diversity, crystal structure, and biological function of Rh proteins. This review describes recent progress on this family and the molecular insights gleaned from its gene evolution, membrane biology, and disease association. The focus is on its long evolutionary history and surprising structural conservation from prokaryotes to humans, pointing to the importance of its functional role, related to but distinct from ammonium transport proteins.

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“…Whole blood exchange transfusion and early delivery were two interventions in the 1950s that significantly lowered the number of deaths due to HDFN. The next significant drop in the incidence of the disease was noted with the introduction of Rh immune globulin prophylaxis in 1968 3 to prevent maternal anti-D alloimmunization. A dramatic indication of the success of Rh immune globulin prophylaxis is demonstrated by recent statistics.…”

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confidence: 97%

Fetal blood group genotyping

Denomme

Fernandes

2007

Transfusion

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Blood group genotyping using DNA extracted from fetal tissue is useful to identify fetuses at risk for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) due to maternal red cell alloantibodies. Four considerations are important for fetal blood group genotyping. First, paternal heterozygosity must be established, including tests that evaluate RHD hemizygosity. Second, the source of fetal tissue for DNA extraction requires certain considerations. Third, because the fetal genotype is used to predict the expressed phenotype, a thorough knowledge of blood group genetics is required. Moreover, the test algorithm should include the evaluation of the parental phenotypes and genotypes to help identify variant alleles. Fourth, the blood group antigen expression at birth should be evaluated to confirm the inheritance. The identification of an antigen-negative fetus on the basis of the blood group genotype provides significant advantages in managing the pregnancy at risk for HDFN. In the near future, fetal DNA in maternal plasma will likely replace fetal blood group genotyping for RHD. Significant challenges remain to detect other clinically significant blood group antigens using maternal plasma DNA.

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Results of Clinical Trials of RhoGAM* in Women

Cited by 88 publications

References 0 publications

Applying molecular immunohematology discoveries to standards of practice in blood banks: now is the time

Applying molecular immunohematology discoveries to standards of practice in blood banks: now is the time

The Rh protein family: gene evolution, membrane biology, and disease association

Fetal blood group genotyping

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