Results of the Women's Health Study of Accra: Assessment of blood pressure in urban women

Duda, Rosemary B.; Kim, Min P.; Darko, Rudolph; Adanu, Richard; Seffah, J.D.; Anarfi, John K.; Hill, Allan G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.05.004

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…5,10,11 This low patronage could be attributed to the absence of a national cervical cancer screening programme. The effect of educational status on cervical cancer screening is confirmed by a recent publication which reports a 12% screening rate among university students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinic visits and cervical cancer screening in Accra

Adanu¹,

Seffah²,

Duda³

et al. 2011

Ghana Medical Journal

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SUMMARYObjective: To determine the factors that increase the chances of a woman in Accra having a Pap smear and whether women who have recently visited clinics have higher chances of having had Pap smears. Design: A cross-sectional study Methods: A representative sample of women in Accra, Ghana was interviewed and the clinical and demographic factors influencing cervical cancer screening was assessed. Results: Out of 1193 women with complete data, only 25 (2.1%) had ever had a Pap smear performed though 171 (14.3%) had their last outpatient clinic visit for either a gynaecological consultation or a regular check up. Simple logistic regression showed that a high educational level, high socioeconomic status and a history over the past month of postmenopausal or intermenstrual bleeding significantly increased the odds of ever having a pap smear. Neither monthly income nor last clinic visit for a gynaecological consultation or regular check up increased the odds of having a pap smear. Multiple logistic regression showed that a high educational level and experiencing postmenopausal or intermenstrual bleeding were the most important determinants of ever having a Pap smear. Conclusion: While we wait for a national program for cervical cancer screening, there is a need for clinicians to put more individual effort into ensuring that asymptomatic women are screened for cervical cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a number of publications from this study on different health issues. [6][7][8][9][10][11] This paper is a subanalysis of the WHSA data focusing on the determinants of women in Accra having a Pap smear. The WHSA did not inquire about VIA since it was not available in many hospitals at the time of the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinic visits and cervical cancer screening in Accra

Adanu¹,

Seffah²,

Duda³

et al. 2011

Ghana Medical Journal

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“…S1). The households were selected from those in the Women's Health Study of Accra (25), whose participants were a random sample of all adult women in Accra, through stratified SES and age-group sampling using the 2000 Population and Housing Census of Ghana as the sampling frame. We selected households in the study neighborhoods that had more than two members.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household and community poverty, biomass use, and air pollution in Accra, Ghana

Zhou

Dionisio

Arku³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Many urban households in developing countries use biomass fuels for cooking. The proportion of household biomass use varies among neighborhoods, and is generally higher in low socioeconomic status (SES) communities. Little is known of how household air pollution varies by SES and how it is affected by biomass fuels and traffic sources in developing country cities. In four neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana, we collected and analyzed geo-referenced data on household and community particulate matter (PM) pollution, SES, fuel use for domestic and small-commercial cooking, housing characteristics, and distance to major roads. Cooking area PM was lowest in the high-SES neighborhood, with geometric means of 25 (95% confidence interval, 21-29) and 28 (23-33) μg/m 3 for fine and coarse PM (PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 ), respectively; it was highest in two low-SES slums, with geometric means reaching 71 (62-80) and 131 (114-150) μg/m 3 for fine and coarse PM. After adjustment for other factors, living in a community where all households use biomass fuels would be associated with 1.5-to 2.7-times PM levels in models with and without adjustment for ambient PM. Community biomass use had a stronger association with household PM than household's own fuel choice in crude and adjusted estimates. Lack of regular physical access to clean fuels is an obstacle to fuel switching in low-income neighborhoods and should be addressed through equitable energy infrastructure. sustainable development | urbanization | global health | household energy | Africa T he populations of cities in the developing world are growing, with sub-Saharan Africa having the highest urban population growth rate worldwide (1). Some urban environmental health risks in the developing world are similar to those in high-income countries, such as the role of transportation as a determinant of particulate matter (PM) pollution levels and spatial patterns (2-5). Urban environmental health risks in developing countries also have some unique features, including high exposure to multiple risks in low-income "slum" neighborhoods (6, 7). A feature of urban PM pollution that, with few exceptions, is unique to developing countries is the widespread household use of biomass fuels (8, 9). Therefore, PM pollution in urban homes may be because of household or neighborhood biomass use in addition to sources that are also found in high-income countries, such as transportation and industrial pollution.The patterns and sources of indoor air pollution in high-income countries have been studied (10-12). There is also increasing attention to residential indoor air quality in developing countries, including the concentrations of various pollutants, their sources, and the role of ventilation (13-15). However, most current studies of biomass fuels and household air pollution in developing countries have focused on the indoor environment in rural areas, where biomass is the most common or even universal household fuel. There are few studies of household PM in developing country cities, especially in ...

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“…In many West African cities, more than 25 % of adults have hypertension (76,79) . This is the case, for example, with Ouagadougou (40·2 %) (64) , St Louis (46 %) (80) , Accra (54·6) % (73) , Dakar (27·5 %) (81) and Lome (26·6 %) (82) . The independent risk factors associated with hypertension from various studies include older age,…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An overview of the nutrition transition in West Africa: implications for non-communicable diseases

Bosu

2014

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

115

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The nutrition landscape in West Africa has been dominated by the programmes to address undernutrition. However, with increasing urbanisation, technological developments and associated change in dietary patterns and physical activity, childhood and adult overweight, and obesity are becoming more prevalent. There is an evidence of increasing intake of dietary energy, fat, sugars and protein. There is low consumption of fruit and vegetables universally in West Africa. Overall, the foods consumed are predominantly traditional with the component major food groups within recommended levels. Most of the West African countries are at the early stages of nutrition transition but countries such as Cape Verde, Ghana and Senegal are at the latter stages. In the major cities of the region, children consume energy-dense foods such as candies, ice cream and sweetened beverages up to seven times as frequently as fruit and vegetables. Adult obesity rates have increased by 115 % in 15 years since 2004. In Ghana, the prevalence of overweight/obesity in women has increased from 12·8 % in 1993 to 29·9 % in 2008. In Accra, overweight/obesity in women has increased from 62·2 % in 2003 to 64·9 % in 2009. The age-standardised proportion of adults who engage in adequate levels of physical activity ranges from 46·8 % in Mali to 94·7 % in Benin. The lingering stunting in children and the rising overweight in adults have resulted to a dual burden of malnutrition affecting 16·2 % of mother-child pairs in Cotonou. The prevalence of hypertension has been increased and ranges from 17·6 % in Burkina Faso to 38·7 % in Cape Verde. The prevalence is higher in the cities: 40·2 % in Ougadougou, 46·0 % in St Louis and 54·6 % in Accra. The prevalence of diabetes ranges from 2·5 to 7·9 % but could be as high as 17·9 % in Dakar, Senegal. The consequences of nutrition transition are not only being felt by the persons in the high socioeconomic class, but also in cities such as Accra and Ouagadougou, where at least 19 % of adults from the poorest households are overweight and 19-28 % have hypertension. Concerted national action involving governments, partners, private sector and civil society is needed to re-orient health systems and build capacity to address the dual burden of malnutrition, to regulate the food and beverage industry and to encourage healthy eating throughout the life course.

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Results of the Women's Health Study of Accra: Assessment of blood pressure in urban women

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Clinic visits and cervical cancer screening in Accra

Clinic visits and cervical cancer screening in Accra

Household and community poverty, biomass use, and air pollution in Accra, Ghana

An overview of the nutrition transition in West Africa: implications for non-communicable diseases

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