Results of treatment of patients with gallstone disease and ductal calculi by single-stage laparoscopic cholecystectomy and bile duct exploration.

Abstract

IntroductionCholedocholithiasis is the most common cause of obstructive jaundice. Common bile duct stones are observed in 10–14% of patients diagnosed with gall bladder stones. In the case of gall bladder and common bile duct stones the procedure involves not only performing cholecystectomy but also removing the stones from bile ducts.AimTo compare the results of the treatment of patients with gallstone disease and ductal calculi by one-stage laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration with two other methods: one-stage open cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration, and a two-stage procedure involving endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Material and methodsBetween 2004 and 2011 three groups of 100 patients were treated for obstructive jaundice caused by choledocholithiasis. The first group of 42 patients underwent ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The second group of 23 patients underwent open cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration, whereas the third group of 35 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration. The data were analysed prospectively. The methods were compared according to complete execution, bile duct clearance and complication rate. Complications were analysed according to Clavien’s Classification of Surgical Complications. The results were compared using the ANOVA statistical test and Student’s t-test in Statistica. Value of p was calculated statistically. A p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) signified that groups differed statistically, whereas a p-value more than 0.05 (p > 0.05) suggested no statistically significant differences between the groups.ResultsThe procedure could not be performed in 11.9% of patients in the first group and in 14.3% of patients in the third group. Residual stones were found in 13.5% of the patients in the first group, in 4.3% of the patients in the second group and in 6.7% of the patients in the third group. According to Clavien’s classification of complications grade II and III, we can assign the range in the first group at 21.6% for grade II and 0% for grade III, in the second group at 21.4% and 3.6% and in the third group at 6.7% and 3.3% respectively.ConclusionsThe use of all three methods of treatment gives similar results. One-stage laparoscopic cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration is after all the least invasive, safer and more effective procedure.

A two-stage versus single-stage procedure for the management of cholecysto-choledocholithiasis in elderly patients: a retrospectively cohort study

“…Biliary leakage and residual stones are the predominant complications of LCBDE (37,38). The occurrence rate of LCBDE-related overall complications is reported to be between 4.0% and 16% (39).…”

Biliary exploration via the left hepatic duct orifice versus the common bile duct in left-sided hepatolithiasis patients with a history of biliary tract surgery

“…(2) Biliary leak and residual stones constitute the predominant postoperative morbidities of biliary stones. [ 12 , 13 ] In our patients, biliary leak occurred more frequently in the CBD group than the LHD group. Although all of the biliary leaks resolved within a few postoperative days, this complication prolonged the length of hospitalization.…”

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography versus laparoscopic exploration for common bile duct stones in post-cholecystectomy patients: a retrospective study

“…In another case unexpected retained stones were found by nasobiliary cholangiography 5 days later. Campagnacci R et al [ 14 ] and Naumowicz E et al [ 15 ] reported the retained stones percentage after ERCP was 9% and 13.5% respectively. In our cohort, retained stones appeared only in 1.1% (1/87) of patients after first ERCP, lower than these studies.…”