Resurgence of pertussis at the age of vaccination: clinical, epidemiological, and molecular aspects

Torres, Rosângela S. L. A.; Santos, Talita Z.; Torres, Robson A.A.; Pereira, Valéria V.G.; Fávero, Lucas A.F.; Filho, Otávio R. M.; Penkal, Margareth L.; Araujo, Leni S.

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.09.004

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Isolates were categorized as indistinguishable, similar, or different. In general, "different" was defined as Յ95% similarity and 2 or more band differences, "similar" was defined as Ն95% similarity and 1 band difference, and "indistinguishable" was defined as Ն95% similarity and no band differences (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outbreak of Glomerulonephritis Caused by Streptococcus zooepidemicus SzPHV5 Type in Monte Santo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Torres

Santos²,

Bernardes

et al. 2018

J Clin Microbiol

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is an emerging and opportunistic zoonotic pathogen which plays an important role in the development of severe and life-threatening diseases and is potentially capable of triggering large glomerulonephritis outbreaks. Between December 2012 and February 2013, 175 cases of glomerulonephritis were confirmed in the town of Monte Santo de Minas, MG, Brazil. During the outbreak, 19 isolates of were recovered, 1 from ice cream, 2 from the oropharynx of food handlers, and 16 from patients affected by acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). All isolates involved in the outbreak amplified the same sequence of the hypervariable region of the SzP protein (SzPHV5) and presented indistinguishable banding patterns with high similarity (>99%) to each other by the repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) technique. Inspection programs on the milk supply chain should be strengthened and continuously encouraged so that the health of consumers is preserved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method uses oligonucleotides complementary to repetitive, highly conserved DNA sequences present at numerous copies in the bacterial genome. It enables genotypic characterization, clone differentiation, and clone dispersion in the community (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Glomerulonephritis Caused by Streptococcus zooepidemicus SzPHV5 Type in Monte Santo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Torres

Santos²,

Bernardes

et al. 2018

J Clin Microbiol

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show abstract

“…It has also been proposed that B. pertussis may have undergone a genetic evolution associated with the selective pressure of vaccines. A significant increase in the pertussis incidence rate has been observed in Brazil in recent years [ 13 ]. This study aims to describe aspects of the pertussis resurgence in Brazil, including the spatiotemporal distribution, case fatality rates, confirmation criteria and patient vaccination status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing incidence of pertussis in Brazil: a retrospective study using surveillance data

2015

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BackgroundMany countries have reported an increase in the incidence of pertussis, which has become a global public health concern.MethodsIn this study, the epidemiology of pertussis in Brazil was assessed retrospectively using surveillance data gathered from case notification forms from 2007 to 2014.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2014, 80,068 suspected cases of pertussis were reported in Brazil. Of these, 24,612 (32 %) were confirmed by various criteria. The annual distribution of confirmed cases demonstrated a significant increase in incidence rate since 2012. A seasonal pattern in which cases occur most frequently between the end of spring and midsummer has been identified. Among the confirmed cases, 34.5 % occurred in infants aged 0–2 months, 22.4 % occurred in infants aged 3–6 months, 21 % occurred in children aged 7 months to 4 years, and 8 % were reported in adults >21 years. Of the confirmed cases, 47.2 % met only clinical criteria, 15.5 % met clinical and epidemiological criteria, and 36.6 % were confirmed in a laboratory. The overall case fatality rate was 2.1 %, reaching 4.7 % among infants aged 0–2 months. The complications most commonly reported in the notification forms were pneumonia, encephalitis, dehydration, otitis, and malnutrition. Of the confirmed cases, 23.1 % occurred in subjects who received at least 3 doses of the pertussis vaccine. Within this group, there were 1098 infants aged 7 to 15 months and 2079 children aged 16 months to 4 years. In 2012, 18 states did not achieve 95 % immunization coverage, a number that dropped to 10 and 6 in 2013 and 2014, respectively.ConclusionsBrazil’s main challenges in facing pertussis resurgence will be to offer the best quality medical attention to reduce mortality, to improve the infrastructure for laboratory diagnosis and to increase vaccination coverage. Additional studies to assess the effectiveness of the current vaccination schedule and basic research on the genetics and evolution of circulating B. pertussis strains are also needed.

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“…In United Kingdom, a high incidence rate of pertussis infection was reported in 37% of school-aged children between 2001 and 20062. In United States, 48,277 cases of pertussis were reported in the most recent peak year of 2012 with many more cases still unreported3. In China, little is known about the occurrence of pertussis due to the scarcity of a large-scale investigation of the incidence of pertussis.…”

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Time series analysis of temporal trends in the pertussis incidence in Mainland China from 2005 to 2016

Zeng

Huang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Short-term forecast of pertussis incidence is helpful for advanced warning and planning resource needs for future epidemics. By utilizing the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and Exponential Smoothing (ETS) model as alterative models with R software, this paper analyzed data from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) between January 2005 and June 2016. The ARIMA (0,1,0)(1,1,1)12 model (AICc = 1342.2 BIC = 1350.3) was selected as the best performing ARIMA model and the ETS (M,N,M) model (AICc = 1678.6, BIC = 1715.4) was selected as the best performing ETS model, and the ETS (M,N,M) model with the minimum RMSE was finally selected for in-sample-simulation and out-of-sample forecasting. Descriptive statistics showed that the reported number of pertussis cases by China CDC increased by 66.20% from 2005 (4058 cases) to 2015 (6744 cases). According to Hodrick-Prescott filter, there was an apparent cyclicity and seasonality in the pertussis reports. In out of sample forecasting, the model forecasted a relatively high incidence cases in 2016, which predicates an increasing risk of ongoing pertussis resurgence in the near future. In this regard, the ETS model would be a useful tool in simulating and forecasting the incidence of pertussis, and helping decision makers to take efficient decisions based on the advanced warning of disease incidence.

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Resurgence of pertussis at the age of vaccination: clinical, epidemiological, and molecular aspects

Abstract: The resurgence of pertussis should stimulate new research to develop vaccines with greater capacity of protection against current clones and also encourage implementation of new strategies for vaccination in order to reduce the risk of disease in infants.

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Outbreak of Glomerulonephritis Caused by Streptococcus zooepidemicus SzPHV5 Type in Monte Santo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Outbreak of Glomerulonephritis Caused by Streptococcus zooepidemicus SzPHV5 Type in Monte Santo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Increasing incidence of pertussis in Brazil: a retrospective study using surveillance data

Time series analysis of temporal trends in the pertussis incidence in Mainland China from 2005 to 2016

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