Resveratrol and its dimers ε‐viniferin and δ‐viniferin in red wine protect vascular endothelial cells by a similar mechanism with different potency and efficacy

Abstract

Red wine compounds have been reported to reduce the rate of atherosclerosis by inducing nitric oxide (NO) production and antioxidant enzyme expression in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). The present study compared the effects of the three red wine compounds resveratrol and its dimers, ε-viniferin and δ-viniferin, on VECs function for the first time. Both 5 μM ε-viniferin and δ-viniferin, but not 5 μM resveratrol, significantly stimulated wound repair of VECs. Increased levels of wound repair induced by 10 and 20 μM ε-viniferin were significantly higher than those stimulated by 10 and 20 μM resveratrol, respectively. These stimulatory effects of the three compounds were suppressed by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. When VECs were exposed to each compound, endothelial NO synthase was activated and the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and HO-1 was induced. Addition of the SIRT1 and HO-1 inhibitors EX527 and ZnPPiX, respectively, suppressed wound repair stimulated by the three compounds, demonstrating that SIRT1 and HO-1 are involved in these wound repair processes. Furthermore, each compound induced the suppression of H 2 O 2-dependent reduction of cell viability as well as the expression of the antioxidant enzyme catalase. These data suggest that not only resveratrol, but also its dimers, ε-viniferin and δ-viniferin, may be effective in preventing atherosclerosis by a similar molecular mechanism with different potency and efficacy.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Heliangin from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Leaves Might Prevent Atherosclerosis

“…ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and MCP-1 are biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis [ 23 , 41 , 42 ]. We incubated VECs with 1, 5, 15, and 45 µM heliangin for 24 h, and then assayed cell viability using trypan blue staining.…”

“…The cells were used between passages 8 and 10 for bioassay. The cells were incubated in DMEM containing 1% FBS for 17 h before starting the experiments [ 23 ].…”

“…VECs were stained with 0.5% trypan blue to measure cell viability (Nacalai Tesque Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Cell viability was determined using a Countess II FL cell counter (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) [ 23 ].…”

“…Bands were detected using Immobilon ECL Ultra Western HRP Substrate (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), and band intensity was quantified using a C-DiGit™ Blot Scanner (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA). The protein levels were normalized to that of the internal control β-actin [ 23 ].…”

Resveratrol in Intestinal Health and Disease: Focusing on Intestinal Barrier

“…Therefore, if molecules (>4 kDa) and microorganisms cross mucous membrane and epithelial barrier, it will retain the LP, unless GVB is destroyed resulting in a change in permeability ( 83 ). Studies have shown that resveratrol reduces vascular oxidative stress, relieves vascular inflammation, and improves vascular function ( 84 , 85 ). Besides, resveratrol decreases small intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines and gut vascular permeability, which could attenuate the blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines from small intestine and alleviate cytokines-mediated BBB disruption and neuroinflammation ( 76 ).…”