Resveratrol derivatives from Commiphora africana (A. Rich.) Endl. display cytotoxicity and selectivity against several human cancer cell lines

Abstract

Commiphora africana (A. Rich.) Endl. (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in Nigerian ethnomedicine. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the stem bark extract of C. africana and isolated cytotoxic compounds was investigated. Three resveratrol derivatives: (E)-resveratrol 3-O-rutinoside (1), 5-methoxy-(E)-resveratrol 3-O-rutinoside (2), and pinostilbene (3), together with 3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid (4) were isolated from the methanol fraction of C. africana. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of their HREIMS and NMR spectra. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds against four human carcinoma cells was determined using the MTT assay. Compound 1 displayed the highest antiproliferative effect on the cell lines, with IC 50 values of 16.80, 21.74, 17.89, and 17.44 μM, against MCF7, A549, PC3, and HepG2 human cancer cell lines, respectively. In addition, compounds 1-3 showed low toxicity against normal human prostate cell line, with selectivity indices greater than five across the carcinoma cells, indicating that the compounds possess potential in the development of low-toxicity chemotherapeutic agents. These results support the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of cancer.

Medicinal plants used in managing diseases of the respiratory system among the Luo community: an appraisal of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya

“… Malaria, fever [ 75 ], swollen testicles, and abdominal pains [ 39 ], pneumonia [ 25 ] Antifungal and antibacterial activity (Ethanolic root extract) [ 76 ] in vitro (Agar diffusion technique) [ 76 ] The 95% ethanol extract was reported to be nontoxic in mice and no mortality was observed even at concentrations of up to 5000 mg/kg. However, drowsiness in doses between 1200 and 5000 mg/kg was reported [ 77 ] The compounds isolated from the methanol stem bark fraction (resveratrol derivatives) were reported to have low cytotoxicity on prostate cancer cell lines [ 78 ]. The ethanol root extract was reported to be nontoxic in brine shrimp larvae [ 74 ] Warburgia salutaris (G.Bertol) Chiov Chest complaints, cough, fever, pneumonia [ 79 ], yellow fever [ 80 ], common cold, malaria [ 81 ], Aspergillosis [ 82 ] Fungicidal activity against Fusarium species (Acetone extract) [ 83 ] antimycobacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermis, M. luteus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae ) [ 84 ] in vitro (Hole plate diffusion method, microdilution method) [ 83 ], in vitro (Bioautography assay) [ 84 ] The acetone leaf extract was reported to be cytotoxic against cancer cell lines [ 85 ] Carica papaya L. Malaria, liver disease [ 12 ], tuberculosis [ 30 ], malaria, [ 86 , 87 ], fever [ 18 ] Antibacterial activity (Methanol root extract) [ 88 ], antitumour activity and immunomodulatory effects (Aqueous leaf extract) [ 89 ] in vitro (Cup plate agar diffusion method) [ 88 ], in vitro (Cell viability assa...…”

“…The compounds isolated from the methanol stem bark fraction (resveratrol derivatives) were reported to have low cytotoxicity on prostate cancer cell lines [ 78 ]. The ethanol root extract was reported to be nontoxic in brine shrimp larvae [ 74 ]…”

“…[76] The 95% ethanol extract was reported to be nontoxic in mice and no mortality was observed even at concentrations of up to 5000 mg/ kg. However, drowsiness in doses between 1200 and 5000 mg/kg was reported [77] The compounds isolated from the methanol stem bark fraction (resveratrol derivatives) were reported to have low cytotoxicity on prostate cancer cell lines [78]. The ethanol root extract was reported to be nontoxic in brine shrimp larvae [74] [84] in vitro (Hole plate diffusion method, microdilution method) [83], in vitro (Bioautography assay) [84] The acetone leaf extract was reported to be cytotoxic against cancer cell lines [85] Carica papaya L.…”

Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Activities of Monoterpene Hydroxy Lactones Isolated from the Marine Microalga Tisochrysis Lutea

“…Therefore, the selectivity index value indicates the therapeutic potential of a drug; for instance, an SI > 1 means that the drug is less harmful or toxic for non-tumoral cells compared to tumoral cells and is safer for therapeutic applications. An SI > 5 is desired for molecules to be considered as potential drugs with low-toxicity as anti-cancer agents [24]. To identify the bioactive molecule(s) responsible for the cytotoxic properties, the active DCM extract was subjected to bioguided fractionation using silica-gel chromatography, which yielded five fractions named as F1 through F5 (Figure 2A).…”

Antioxidant Effects, Antiproliferative Effects, and Molecular Docking of Clinacanthus nutans Leaf Extracts

“…The SI value was calculated as the ratio of the IC 50 values of the extracts on MCF 10A cells relative to those in the MCF7 cells. According to Segun et al [40], an SI value > 1 one suggests that an extract is less toxic to normal cells compared with cancer cells, thus compounds with high SI values can be assumed to offer potential safer therapy. Table 3 shows the SI values of the crude and fraction extracts of C. nutans leaves.…”