Resveratrol improves sperm DNA quality and reproductive capacity in type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Background In the coming decades, diabetes mellitus might affect 628 million individuals. Its final impact on male fertility and reproductive outcomes should be considered since the number of adolescents and young adults presenting diabetes is rising. Resveratrol (RES), a polyphenol, is a biological modulator with multitarget and multi‐action characteristics. Objectives to evaluate if RES is effective against the male reproductive damage caused by type 1 diabetes (DM1), focusing on sperm DNA integrity and reproductive outcome. Materials and methods At 30 dpp (days postpartum), male rats were divided into 7 groups: Sham control (SC); RES vehicle (RV); RES (R); STZ‐diabetic (D; induced at 30dpp with 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin); STZ‐diabetic + insulin (DI); STZ‐diabetic + RES (DR); STZ‐diabetic + insulin +RES (DIR). DR, DIR, and R groups received 150mg RES/kg b.w./day by gavage (from 33 to 110dpp). DI and DIR received insulin (from day 5 after DM1 induction until 110dpp). Blood glucose was monitored in different time points. Animals were mated with healthy females. Euthanasia occurred at 110 dpp. Results DM1 increased lipid peroxidation (testis and epididymis) and sperm DNA fragmentation, alterations of chromatin structure, reduced mitochondrial mass and acrosome integrity, causing a decline in fertility and pregnancy rates. RES improved the parameters. Discussion RES, as an adjuvant, activates specific reactions against hyperglycemia, the main trigger of most complications of diabetes, by controlling oxidative stress, probably as a result of SIRT1 activation. We present here more evidences showing its valuable role in diminishing diabetes seriousness to male reproduction, not only to spermatogenesis in the first instance, but also to sperm overall quality and fertility outcomes, regardless of insulin treatment. Conclusion RES attenuated lipid peroxidation and sperm DNA damage in DM1‐induced animals, which positively reflected on male fertility. Our results show RES potential against DM1 complications in male reproduction.

Oxidative Stress and Male Fertility: Role of Antioxidants and Inositols

“…Another pathological situation that can induce lipid peroxidation and therefore increase oxidative stress and damage related to fertility is type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). RSV has been shown to be useful in improving the parameters of fertility altered by this pathology: lipid peroxidation, fragmentation of spermatic DNA, alteration of chromatin and mitochondrial mass [111].…”

Diabetes as a potential compounding factor in COVID-19-mediated male subfertility

“…We and others have shown that diabetes is associated with testicular damage in murine models [ 42 , 73 , 74 ]. As expected, treatments that lower hyperglycemia can restore spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in diabetic animals (increased sperm count, sperm motility, and testosterone) [ 73 , 75 , 76 ]. In addition, administration of metformin, the first-line treatment for type-2 diabetes in men with diabetic complications, improves sperm concentration and sperm chromatin integrity [ 77 ].…”

Restoring Impaired Fertility Through Diet: Observations of Switching From High-Fat Diet During Puberty to Normal Diet in Adulthood Among Obese Male Mice

“…In addition to the various mechanisms related to reduced fertility in our article, it is also possible that other mechanisms may lead the damaged fertility. It has demonstrated widely that decreased sirt1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress levels and apoptosis in male sperms, leading to infertility ( 55 , 56 ). In addition, when it has demonstrated that seminal sirt1 expression was significantly lower in infertile men than fertile men, a recent study demonstrated that sirt1 can regulate acrosome biogenesis by modulating autophagic flux during spermiogenesis in mice ( 56 , 57 ).…”