Resveratrol Prevents β-Cell Dedifferentiation in Nonhuman Primates Given a High-Fat/High-Sugar Diet

Fiori, Jennifer L.; Shin, Yeonjong; Kim, Wook; Krzysik-Walker, Susan M.; González-Mariscal, Isabel; Carlson, Olga D.; Sanghvi, Mitesh; Moaddel, Ruin; Farhang, Kathleen; Gadkaree, Shekhar K.; Doyle, Maı̀re E.; Pearson, Kevin J.; Mattison, Julie A.; Cabo, Rafael de; Egan, Josephine M.

doi:10.2337/db13-0266

Cited by 128 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…We have determined that NKX2.2 expression is downregulated more than 5-fold (P adjusted < 1.19 × 10 -7 ) in db/db mouse islets, and a recent study demonstrated that NKX2.2 expression was reduced in the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat model (41). Reduced NKX2.2 expression has also been reported in primate models of diabetes induced by a high-fat/sugar diet (42). In humans, because of the variability that exists between T2D patient samples, the expression of NKX2.2 remains controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Pancreatic β cell identity requires continual repression of non–β cell programs

Gutiérrez¹,

Bender²,

Cirulli³

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Investigation

112

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from alternative islet cell fates. Furthermore, β cells appeared to transdifferentiate to acquire other non-β cell endocrine identities. Deletion of Nkx2.2 in fully differentiated adult β cells also resulted in the very rapid onset of diabetes, and the islets of these mice were also characterized by a loss of β cell identity and the acquisition of δ cell characteristics, confirming the importance of NKX2.2 ration and/or function, we generated mouse models that allowed constitutive and inducible deletion of the Nkx2.2 gene. Disruption of Nkx2.2 in maturing β cells resulted in the rapid development of diabetes, with a significant decrease in insulin expression and content. Strikingly, the loss of genes associated with β cell identity and function was accompanied by increased expression of genes ΔBeta compared with control mice at 4 weeks of age. The white boxes indicate regions of the islet that are shown in higher magnification in E and F. (G) Ad libitum blood glucose levels in 2-week-old male Nkx2.2ΔBeta mice compared with controls (n = 3-16), in 3-week-old mice (n = 5-22), and in 11-week-old mice (n = 6-18). **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001; 2-tailed Student's t test. Each control genotype was examined separately to ensure that the individual Cre and floxed alleles did not cause metabolic phenotypes. (H) Higher fasting blood glucose levels are evident in 11-week-old Nkx2.2ΔBeta mice compared with controls (3-week-old mice: n = 6-23; 11-week-old mice: n = 8-21). *P ≤ 0.05; 2-tailed Student's t test. (I) Glucose intolerance is observed in Nkx2.2ΔBeta male mice compared with controls at 3 weeks of age (n = 6-23). *P ≤ 0.05, ***P ≤ 0.001; 2-tailed Student's t test. (J) Glucose intolerance becomes more severe at 11 weeks of age in Nkx2.2ΔBeta male mice compared with control mice (n = 8-21). *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001; 2-tailed Student's t test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Pancreatic β cell identity requires continual repression of non–β cell programs

Gutiérrez¹,

Bender²,

Cirulli³

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Investigation

112

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“…Both the difference in diet composition and the age of the HI animals in our study (almost twice the age at sacrifice) may have contributed to the different outcome. In addition, no bihormonal cells were reported that could point at b-cell-to-a-cell transdifferentiation in those normoglycemic animals (30). These findings indicate that the conversion of b-cells to a-cells accompanies the progression of diabetes and may worsen hyperglycemia, but its potential contribution to events leading to early b-cell failure is still unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Loss of β-Cell Identity Occurs in Type 2 Diabetes and Is Associated With Islet Amyloid Deposits

et al. 2015

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Loss of pancreatic islet b-cell mass and b-cell dysfunction are central in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We recently showed that mature human insulincontaining b-cells can convert into glucagon-containing a-cells ex vivo. This loss of b-cell identity was characterized by the presence of b-cell transcription factors (Nkx6.1, Pdx1) in glucagon + cells. Here, we investigated whether the loss of b-cell identity also occurs in vivo, and whether it is related to the presence of (pre)diabetes in humans and nonhuman primates. We observed an eight times increased frequency of insulin + cells coexpressing glucagon in donors with diabetes. Up to 5% of the cells that were Nkx6.1 + but insulin 2 coexpressed glucagon, which represents a five times increased frequency compared with the control group. This increase in bihormonal and Nkx6.1 + glucagon + insulin 2 cells was also found in islets of diabetic macaques. The higher proportion of bihormonal cells and Nkx6.1 + glucagon + insulin 2 cells in macaques and humans with diabetes was correlated with the presence and extent of islet amyloidosis. These data indicate that the loss of b-cell identity occurs in T2DM and could contribute to the decrease of functional b-cell mass. Maintenance of b-cell identity is a potential novel strategy to preserve b-cell function in diabetes.Loss of pancreatic b-cell mass and b-cell dysfunction are central in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and, in combination with peripheral insulin resistance, lead to hyperglycemia (1). Whereas b-cells, on the one hand, fail to properly secrete insulin at a given glucose level, there is also a progressive decline in the number of b-cells (2,3). Loss of b-cell mass has been ascribed to increased apoptosis in T2DM (4). In patients with T2DM, b-cell mass can be up to 40-60% lower than in healthy control subjects (4-6). In addition, abnormal function of glucagon-producing a-cells leading to hyperglucagonemia is associated with T2DM (7). b-cell dedifferentiation and subsequent transition to other islet cell types were suggested as an alternative explanation for the loss of functional b-cell mass in mice (8,9). In this concept, b-cells lose insulin content and insulin secretory capacity followed by the production of other endocrine hormones such as glucagon (8). We recently showed (10) that loss of b-cell identity with the conversion of b-cells into glucagon-containing a-cells can occur in human pancreatic islets ex vivo.A number of transcription factors have been identified to be essential for the development and maintenance of functional b-cells (11,12). Recent reports (13,14) indicate that a selective loss of transcription factors MafA, Nkx6.1, and Pdx1 is associated with b-cell dysfunction and T2DM. Chronic hyperglycemia in rats is accompanied by the loss of b-cell transcription factors (15). Moreover, mouse b-cells that genetically lack FOXO1 can dedifferentiate in vivo under conditions of metabolic stress and subsequently can convert (or transdifferentiate) into glucagonproducing a-cells...

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“…RSV has been the subject of intense scientific and public interest in recent years, mainly due to its widely reported ability to delay ageing and prevent age-related diseases [23,24,25]. The beneficial effects of RSV were originally thought to derive from its antioxidant properties [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Suppresses Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Macrophage Apoptosis through Inhibition of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, LOX-1, and the p38 MAPK Pathway

Guo

Liu

et al. 2014

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aim: Resveratrol (RSV) may have therapeutic potential for various diseases. Here we investigated the effect of RSV on oxidised low-density lipoprotein- (ox-LDL) induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods: Apoptosis of macrophages following incubation with ox-LDL (with or without RSV pre-treatment) was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to assess the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 as well as ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was evaluated by 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, and JC-1 probe was used to determine the mitochondrial transmembrane potential of cells. Results: Ox-LDL significantly reduced viability and increased the rate of apoptosis (P < 0.05) in RAW264.7 cells. However, pre-treatment with RSV resulted in a remarkable decrease in this apoptotic effect. Moreover, ox-LDL caused the up-regulation of Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2, as well as the activation of caspase-3. Expression of LOX-1, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and intracellular ROS production also increased after ox-LDL stimulation. Strikingly, these effects were abolished by pre-treatment of cells with RSV. Conclusion: RSV suppresses ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis. These beneficial effects might be exerted through inhibition of ROS generation, LOX-1, and the p38 MAPK signalling pathway.

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Resveratrol Prevents β-Cell Dedifferentiation in Nonhuman Primates Given a High-Fat/High-Sugar Diet

Cited by 128 publications

References 53 publications

Pancreatic β cell identity requires continual repression of non–β cell programs

Pancreatic β cell identity requires continual repression of non–β cell programs

Loss of β-Cell Identity Occurs in Type 2 Diabetes and Is Associated With Islet Amyloid Deposits

Resveratrol Suppresses Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Macrophage Apoptosis through Inhibition of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, LOX-1, and the p38 MAPK Pathway

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