Retention aids

Horn, D.; Linhart, Friedrich

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-6474-0_4

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Hyperbranched PEIs have found application in many different technical fields, e.g., as crosslinkers (in coatings), in the paper industry (as additives) [99], and for water treatment due to their ability to form strong complexes with metal ions [100,101].…”

Section: Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene Imine)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbranched Polyamines for Transfection

Fischer

Calderón

Haag

2010

Topics in Current Chemistry

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The successful application of gene therapy through DNA transfection into the cell is still a great challenge in ongoing research. Hyperbranched polyamines are highly branched macromolecules, and have gained significant attention in the last two decades, due to their relative ease of preparation, their shape, and their multi-functionality.This review deals with the syntheses of various hyperbranched polyamines that are prepared through a one-step polymerization process. Furthermore, we present the current status of polyamines as gene carriers and describe their versatility, and their properties such as structure-property dependency, gene transfection efficiency, and cytotoxicity profiles of hyperbranched polyamines.

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Section: Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene Imine)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbranched Polyamines for Transfection

Fischer

Calderón

Haag

2010

Topics in Current Chemistry

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“…Also, in papermaking systems to which retention aid polymers have been added, the conditions leading to maximum flocculation seldom correspond to charge neutrality of the surfaces. [85,86] Tests using hydrodynamic forces have shown that the resistance to detachment of solid particles from surfaces pretreated with very-high-mass cationic acrylamide copolymer can be several orders of magnitude higher than what can be achieved by charge neutralization, or even by adjusting the aqueous conditions so that the interacting surfaces have opposite charges. [76] However, once such attachments are broken, as in the case of a suspension of papermaking fibers treated with a retention aid, and then sheared in a kitchen blender, [87] the ability of the macromolecules to reflocculate the fibers is greatly diminished.…”

Section: Flocculation By Polyelectrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dispersion Science of Papermaking

Rojas

Hubbe

2005

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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Paper is one of the most important inventions in the history of civilization, and it is an essential commodity to all people in the world. The fact that we make ubiquitous use of a score of paper products makes it easy to underestimate its value and significance. This review is intended to put into perspective the dispersion science involved in papermaking and to describe how our understanding of key processes has evolve since its conception, approximately 2000 years ago, from art to science. Paper is formed from a slurry of fibers and much smaller particles that are often called "fines" and other chemical additives. Ahead of the paper forming process the slurry is subjected to a series of steps, including treatment with polyionic species and passage through unit operations that impose shear forces on the papermaking suspension. These steps alternately disperse the solids apart or re-gather them back together. The overall process is optimized to achieve a highly uniform product, while at the same time achieving high efficiency in retaining fines in the sheet and allowing water to drain relatively quickly from the wet paper as it is being formed. As we approach the 1900-year anniversary of the first detailed account of the papermaking process, it is the goal of this review to explore the scientific principles that underlie the art of papermaking, emphasizing the state of dispersion of the fibrous slurries during various stages of the manufacturing process. Some concepts that arise out of the experience of papermakers have potential applications in other fields.

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“…Flocculation was investigated by simple sedimentation measurement as well as by a Fibre Optical Flocculation Sensor (FOFS) made by BASF [10]. It enables a rapid in situ measurement of the so-called F-value, which is based on the degree of flocculation as a function of auxiliary dose.…”

Section: Flocculation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of different polyelectrolyte complexes and their application as flocculants

Petzold

Nebel

Buchhammer

et al. 1998

Colloid & Polymer Science

101

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Polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) from poly(diallyl-dimethylammoniumchloride) PDADMAC and two different polyanions, formed in aqueous solution, were characterized by different methods (zetapotential, net content, turbidity) and applied as flocculants.The flocculation of clay was investigated by sedimentation measurement as well as by a dynamic method, using a Fibre Optical Flocculation Sensor. The results of both methods showed that the most important advantages of PEC were the high velocity of sedimentation and a very broad range of the optimum flocculation concentration. In spite of the differences in the complexforming behavior of the two polyanions used, no significant differences between complexes of the same composition but different polyanions are obtained. In contrast, the ratio of anionic to cationic charges is of great importance for the mechanism of flocculation.

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Retention aids

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Hyperbranched Polyamines for Transfection

Hyperbranched Polyamines for Transfection

The Dispersion Science of Papermaking

Preparation and characterization of different polyelectrolyte complexes and their application as flocculants

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