Background
Although continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is
ubiquitous in hospitals, monitoring practices are inconsistent. We evaluated
implementation of American Heart Association practice standards for ECG
monitoring on nurses’ knowledge, quality of care, and patient
outcomes.
Methods and Results
The PULSE Trial was a 6-year multi-site randomized clinical trial
with crossover that took place in 65 cardiac units in 17 hospitals. We
measured outcomes at baseline, Time 2 after Group 1 hospitals received the
intervention, and Time 3 after Group 2 hospitals received the intervention.
Measurement periods were 15 months apart. The 2-part intervention consisted
of an online ECG monitoring education program and strategies to implement
and sustain change in practice. Nurses’ knowledge (N=3,013 nurses)
was measured by a validated 20-item online test, quality of care related to
ECG monitoring (N=4,587 patients) by on-site observation, and patient
outcomes (mortality, in-hospital myocardial infarction, and not surviving a
cardiac arrest) (N=95,884 hospital admissions) by review of administrative,
laboratory, and medical record data. Nurses’ knowledge improved
significantly immediately following the intervention in both groups, but was
not sustained 15 months later. For most measures of quality of care
(accurate electrode placement, accurate rhythm interpretation, appropriate
monitoring, and ST-segment monitoring when indicated), the intervention was
associated with significant improvement, which was sustained 15 months
later. Of the 3 patient outcomes, only in-hospital myocardial infarction
declined significantly after the intervention, and was sustained.
Conclusions
Online ECG monitoring education and strategies to change practice can
lead to improved nurses’ knowledge, quality of care, and patient
outcomes.