Retention of Fuel Borne Catalyst Particles by Diesel Particle Filter Systems

Mayer, Andreas; Ulrich, Andrea; Czerwiński, Jan; Matter, U.; Wyser, M.

doi:10.4271/2003-01-0287

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…First, the concentration of the particles in the accumulation mode decreased significantly, presumably due to enhanced oxidation rates, and second, a large nuclei mode appeared. This is consistent with other recent work dealing with metal additives (Jung et al 2003Mayer et al 2003;Skillas et al 2000). The addition of metal additives to fuel increases the concentration of volatile metal compounds [see e.g., Abdul- Khalek et al (1998)'s calculation on the formation of nuclei mode particles from Ca in the lubricating oil], which must undergo gas to particle conversion during the expansion stroke of the engine, while at the same time decreasing the accumulation mode, and thus the available surface area onto which gas phase material can condense or adsorb.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This was done using both regular diesel fuel, and diesel fuel dosed with metal additives. The size of the nuclei mode present in the diesel exhaust increases in the presence of metal additives (Kittelson et al 1978;Kytö et al 2002;Matter and Siegmann 1997;Mayer et al 2003). There is an increased interest in putting metal additives in diesel fuel, because doing so lowers the ignition temperature of particles collected in DPFs (Diesel Particulate Filters), and thus enhances regeneration of DPFs (Lahaye et al 1996;Stanmore et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Electrical Charge on Diesel Particles

Jung

Kittelson

2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Nanoparticles (D p < 50 nm), which are formed as diesel engine exhaust cools and dilutes, constitute minority of total particle mass but majority of total particle number. There are several different theories to explain the nucleation of nanoparticles from diesel exhaust. The two main theories are homogeneous binary nucleation of sulfuric acid and water, and ion-induced nucleation. This study examined the ion-induced nucleation theory. In order to test the ionic nucleation theory, the charged fraction of the diesel particles were measured as a function of particle size using regular diesel fuel in this study. A very small amount of charge was found for the diesel nanoparticles in the nuclei mode, whereas there was a large charged fraction for the diesel particles in the accumulation mode. If ion-induced nucleation were the dominant mechanism for the nucleation of nanoparticles from diesel exhaust, one would expect a significant charge on the nuclei mode particles. The results from this study suggest that ion-induced binary nucleation is at least not a dominant mechanism for the nucleation of diesel exhaust when using regular diesel fuel.This study also examined the influence of metal additives on nucleation and particle charging. The metal additives examined are of the type used to enhance particle oxidation in diesel particulate filters. When used, the additives led to a large increase in the concentration of solid particles in the nuclei mode, and significantly raised the level of particle charge for particles of all sizes. When additives were used, some of the solid particles in the nuclei mode carried a charge. We believe that these metal related particles form early enough in the combustion process to be charged by ions present during and shortly after combustion.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Electrical Charge on Diesel Particles

Jung

Kittelson

2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The actual state of the art diesel fuel for VERT testing has sulphur content below 50 µg/g. Further details about optimization of the metal sampling as well as development and optimization of the digestion procedure and analysis methods can be found in [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additives can change size distribution of the emitted particles [14][15][16][17]. It might also be assumed that the chemical form of an additive has a significant effect on the size distribution, especially if it• is taken into account that additives are often applied in form of colloidal oxides.…”

Section: Effects Of Fuel-additives and Catalytic Coatings On Metal Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Emissions Risk Assessment of Diesel Particulate Traps for Heavy Duty Applications

Heeb

Ulrich

Emmenegger

et al. 2005

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Most particulate traps efficiently retain soot of diesel engine exhaust but the potential hazard to form secondary emissions has to be controlled. The Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) regeneration is mainly supported by metal additives or metallic coatings. Certain noble or transition metals can support the formation of toxic secondary emissions such as Dioxins, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), Nitro-PAH or other volatile components. Furthermore, particulate trap associated with additive metals can penetrate through the filter system or coating metals can be released from coated systems. The VERT test procedure was especially developed to assess the potential risks of a formation of secondary pollutants in the trap. The present study gives an overview to the VERT test procedure. Aspects of suitability of different fuel additives and coating metals will be discussed and examples of trap and additive induced formation of toxic secondary emissions will be presented.

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“…The main reason is a high contamination risk during sampling. A consequent optimisation of the complete chain including sampling procedure, sample preparation and analysis is needed to achieve reliable results [31,32]. The determination of additive metals in extremely low concentrations requires a suitable sampling procedure.…”

Section: Filter Background Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of additive metals in fuel and emission aerosols of diesel vehicles with and without particle traps

Ulrich

Wichser

2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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Fuel additives used in particle traps have to comply with environmental directives and should not support the formation of additional toxic substances. The emission of metal additives from diesel engines with downstream particle traps has been studied. Aspects of the optimisation of sampling procedure, sample preparation and analysis are described. Exemplary results in form of a mass balance calculation are presented. The results demonstrate the high retention rate of the studied filter system but also possible deposition of additive metals in the engine.

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Retention of Fuel Borne Catalyst Particles by Diesel Particle Filter Systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Measurement of Electrical Charge on Diesel Particles

Measurement of Electrical Charge on Diesel Particles

Secondary Emissions Risk Assessment of Diesel Particulate Traps for Heavy Duty Applications

Analysis of additive metals in fuel and emission aerosols of diesel vehicles with and without particle traps

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